Confidence‐building measures at sea: The challenges ahead in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia faces a range of challenges in adopting maritime confidence‐ and trust‐building measures in the very promising atmosphere of political endorsement that exists after the ASEAN Regional Forum, with possible changes to the strategic balance caused by maritime rearmament within the region. This paper briefly analyses the roles or activities of maritime forces in the region on the basis of their sensitivity to scrutiny: the hard or contentious kinds of activities, usually warlike, that navies will only practise together in an environment of considerable trust, and the soft, usually non‐warlike activities, that they could undertake cooperatively with fewer security concerns. From this list of shared roles two lists of possible CBMs are derived, the easy (or likely‐to‐succeed) and the hard (or less‐likely), based on the level of sensitivity of the activities to be undertaken cooperatively.     

Monitoring School Violence

Abstract

National monitoring of school violence is essential for needs assessments, policymaking, and evaluation at the national level. As informative and important as national monitoring is, the data generated at the national level is often not useful at the district or school site levels. There is therefore a need for a feasible method of monitoring school violence on the district and school level; furthermore, we need to find ways to effectively apply national-level information to schools and school districts. over time should be the foundation for the design, implementation, and evaluation of interventions in this area. In this article, we propose an expanded concept of monitoring that links comparable data on school violence at the grade, school site, district, and national levels. The paper presents our conceptual framework and methodology and illustrates its implementation in a district in Israel. We present examples of reports generated to monitor school violence for the district as a whole and for each of the school sites. Finally, we conclude that this is a feasible and useful model that social services could adopt to monitor practice in many other areas.     

利用文检仪快速比对检验文件物质材料

为建立无损、快速、直观的文件物质材料检验方法,利用物理光学仪器—文检仪比对检验常用的文件物质材料,主要包括纸张和色料。结果显示,利用文检仪的不同光源即可有效区分不同物质的种类,且区分能力较强。该法无需对检材进行任何处理,简单、快速、直观、方便、不损坏检材。     

浅论监视居住制度及其完善

新《刑事诉讼法》(以下简称新法)出台后,监视居住制度开始承担着独立的刑事诉讼功能。新法对监视居住制度的完善,既健全了刑事强制措施体系,也为侦查部门适用刑事强制措施提供了依据。然而,新法仍缺乏对于被执行人权利的救济和第三人权利的保障,致使对职务犯罪的侦查极易造成监视居住执行时的错位。因此,应构建独立的监视居住平台,赋予职务犯罪侦查部门刑事强制措施执行权,加强检察系统内部职务犯罪侦查部门一体化建设。     

论侦查假设在视频图像侦查中的运用

在信息化背景下,视频图像侦查已经成为刑侦部门打击和预防犯罪的重要方法之一。在视频图像侦查中,侦查人员针对采集的视频图像信息运用侦查假设的方法进行研判分析,挖掘出侦查线索,化解侦查僵局,切实推进侦查工作的进程。因此,有必要以大量视频图像侦查成功案例为素材,系统地对侦查假设在视频图像侦查中运用的工作流程进行梳理和总结,从人、案情、通信工具、交通工具、现场痕迹物证和光影六个方面提出假设并验证假设。     

Market structure and disempowering regulatory intermediaries: Insights from U.S. trade surveillance

Public agencies outsource a wide variety of tasks to nonstate actors, or what can be referred to as regulatory intermediaries. In certain circumstances, these agencies may seek to disempower those regulatory intermediaries by reclaiming, duplicating, or transferring the outsourced task. When will these disempowerment attempts be successful? This article presents the Market Structure Hypothesis, which contends that the level of competition between regulatory intermediaries will, all things equal, determine whether disempowerment attempts succeed. To test this hypothesis, this article examines the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's attempts to acquire the independent capacity to conduct nationwide trade surveillance in the 1980s (Market Oversight Surveillance System) and 2010s (Consolidated Audit Trail). Evidence derives from archival materials, a Freedom of Information Act Request, and 60 interviews in Oxford, London, Toronto, New York City, and Washington, DC. The empirical results corroborate the hypothesis' expectations, contributing to our understanding of public-private partnerships and shedding new empirical light on an understudied topic of securities regulation.     

Quantifying and Ranking Quality for Acquired Recordings on Digital Video Recorders

As the closed-circuit television (CCTV) security industry transitioned from analog media to digital video recorders (DVRs) with digital storage, the law enforcement community struggled with the means with which to collect the recordings. New guidelines needed to be established to determine the collection method which would be efficient as well as provide the best quality evidence from live DVRs. A test design was developed to measure, quantify, and rank the quality of acquisition methods used on live systems from DVRs typically used in digital CCTV systems. The purpose was to determine guidelines for acquiring the best quality video for investigative purposes. A test pattern which provided multiple quantifiable metrics for comparison between the methods of acquisition was used. The methods of acquisition included direct data download of the proprietary file and open file format as well as recording the video playback from the DVR via the available display monitor connections including the composite video, Video Graphics Array (VGA), and high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI). While some acquisition methods may provide the best quality evidence, other methods of acquisition are not to be discounted depending on the situation and need for efficiency. As an investigator that needs to retrieve video evidence from live digital CCTV systems, the proprietary file format, overall, provides the best quality evidence. However, depending on the circumstance and as recording technology continues to evolve, options other than the proprietary file format may provide quality that is equal to or greater than the proprietary file format.     

Using Video to Reduce Home Safety Hazards with Parents Reported for Child Abuse and Neglect

Safety hazards are frequent in the homes of families reported for child abuse and neglect. The effectiveness of a videotape intervention with two families involved with child abuse and neglect was examined, using a replicated multiple probe design across settings. Data were collected using the Home Accident Prevention Inventory — Revised, and the Checklist for the Video-Trained Parent's Behavior. Social validation and expert validation data are also presented.