The More the Merrier? Hungarian and Romany Minorities in Slovakia

This article discusses some important aspects of thetreatment of minorities in the Republic of Slovakia.It discusses the 1992 Constitution and subsequentdevelopments such as the State language law 1995, therestriction of political rights of Hungarians,educational policies, the setback of EU entry talks,the September 1998 general elections, the Dzurindagovernment's ``De-Meciarization', the 1999 MinorityLanguage Law, and recent electoral legislation. Thespecial condition of the Romany is considered. Theeffectiveness of international mechanisms for theprotection of minority rights (the Organisation forSecurity and Cooperation in Europe, the InternationalCovenant for Civil and Political Rights, the EuropeanConvention of Human Rights, the Framework Conventionfor the Protection of National Minorities) isassessed, as is the involvement of the EU. Finally,the role of the judiciary is reflected upon.     

多层面国际警务合作方式的框架构筑

在非传统安全问题El益凸显的今天,加强国际警务合作已成为各国警方的共识。然而,各国间国家制度和警务理念等方面的差异在一定程度上阻滞了国际警务合作的有效展开．传统的国际警务合作方式难以全面适应新时期国际警务合作的现实需要．必须从多层面、多途径创设更为有效的国际警务合作方式,以此推动国际警务合作的深入。     

Water Privatization in Spain

Abstract

Water management in Spain is submitted to a non‐uniform geographical and seasonal distribution of water resources. The non‐uniform distribution of resources is worsened by the non‐uniform allocation of demand (mainly irrigation and urban). Because that, water supply, aquifers, and wetlands are driven to a high risk. Even though, there are examples of good water management, as is shown for the private industrial productivity of used water. Spain has a very long tradition in public water management (first water law in 1879) at different levels from ministry to municipalities, including users communities. A lot of these organisations are anchored in very old ways of doing, given private sector the opportunity to enter and grow up. A survey about it is presented. In the management of urban water, there are different organisations involved: central administration; autonomic, regional and metropolitan authorities; urban water suppliers and the sanitation authority. The recently approved changes in the former Spanish Water Law, limiting water rights and introducing water market, the new and expected Hydrological National Plan and the European Framework Directive, reinforce the opportunities of the private sector to enter, giving financial resources, technological advances and quick answers to new social concepts in water managerial procedures. We can observe how the Spanish administration uses private water suppliers' front desks to collect taxes and to supply capital to invest in infrastructures and water technology. The question that needs to be addressed is the nature and the impact of the privatisation process in Spain. The unrealistic water urban services price in Spain has been studied and it is presented and evaluated by regions, presenting a deficit to be covered in the future and been a significant gross value of the future business, which invite private sector to participate in. To give a general scope over the evolution of the roll played by the private and public sector, the case of Catalonia, the more evolved autonomous region of Spain in water management, is presented as an example of the future for the rest of the country.     

大力加强公民能力建设：一种框架

党的十六届四中全会把执政能力建设作为我党执政后的一项根本建设,具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。党的执政能力建设与公民能力建设是相辅相成的。提出研究公民能力建设的必要性、基本内容,并揭示其一种框架,可以从另外一个途径有助于推进党的执政能力建设。     

Utilizing Hyperlink Network Analysis to Examine Climate Change Supporters and Opponents

Hyperlink network analysis, which utilizes the links between websites to map online communication structures, offers an emerging methodology for studying the networks of supporters and opponents of public policies. Reasons for the methodology's appeal include the ability to utilize web crawlers to collect large amounts of data and the ability to apply quantitative and qualitative methods to examine network interactions. While the methodology has been utilized by diverse disciplines it is relatively new to the fields of political science and public policy. Utilizing a mixed‐methods research design, this article examines the applicability of using hyperlink networks to study opposing groups in the Colorado climate and energy policy subsystem while drawing increased attention to the methodology's strengths and weaknesses. The results demonstrate the methodology's considerable potential, but highlight the need for greater adoption of a collection of best practices designed to increase the validity, reliability, and generalizability of hyperlink research.     

西方政策过程理论的最新进展、趋势与启示

政策过程理论研究从一开始就争论不休,而这些争论大致可以划分为三个阶段。在寻求因果关系理论的逻辑下,形成了大量的主流政策过程理论或框架。而今,政策过程理论又有了一些新的发展,包括叙事政策框架、子系统及其超越、决策和官僚机构、政策过程的综合框架等方面的发展。这种新发展及其趋势,对我国政策过程理论的研究来讲无疑具有诸多启示：（1）区分和厘清政策过程理论研究中的关键概念;（2）继承与创新政策过程理论的研究方法;（3）实现行动主体的多元化、精细化与政策子系统的超越;（4）合理把握官僚机构在我国政策过程中的影响力。     

《气候变化框架公约》履行的环境法解释与方案选择

《气候变化框架公约》及其议定书是人类应对气候变化所制定的总体规划和实施细则,但是,由于其和其他环境法公约一样具有环境法的"软法"特质,一些《气候变化框架公约》的履行机制出现了许多值得探究的边白。以"震慑型"方案还是"激励型"方案为主,需要从《气候变化框架公约》的履行理论切入,深入剖析,对此两种方案进行理论、实证博弈分析,得出《气候变化框架公约》履行方案的应有选择,为今后其他国际环境条约的履行提供相关指导。     

新加坡网络内容管理的经验及启示

新加坡作为世界网络互联程度最高的国家之一，在网络内容管理方面采取“三管齐下”的方针，一是实施轻触式管理制度，二是鼓励行业自律，三是加强公众教育，提高网络安全意识。近年来，随着网络应用的日益广泛，新加坡出台了《分类许可证制度》、《互联网操作规则》和《垃圾邮件控制法案》等政策法规以完善其网络管理。新加坡网络内容管理既实行严格的法律制度，也实行价值观宣传等柔性管理政策。新加坡相关政策的制定不仅符合其本国历史文化及发展实践，还随着网络的广泛应用以及政府的重视而日益完善，其成功经验值得学习和借鉴。     

J2EE与．NET开发平台在商业应用中的比较

J2EE是描述产品的标准,.NET是一个战略产品,作为彼此竞争的应用平台,J2EE和.NET在目标和体系结构上很相似。对于用户而言,需从商业应用的角度分析J2EE和.NET,在充分了解二者特点和优势后对其中一方做出选择。     

政府决策机制的内涵及其完善

从政策制定过程和我国确立的改革目标来看,政府决策机制主要包括察觉机制、沟通机 制、公众参与机制、专家参与机制、制约机制和协调机制。目前,我国这些政府决策机制或多或少都存 在一些不足之处,下一步的政府改革必须针对这些不足采取相应的措施。