Theoretical criteria for online consumer behaviour: web-based communication exposure and internal psychological behavioural processes approaches

Various theories, theoretical viewpoints and models on consumer behaviour stipulate consumers’ offline and online behaviour when purchasing a product or using a service. This article deviates from the purchasing perspective and instead proposes an information and web-based communication message ‘seeking and consumption¹ perspective. This new perspective is theoretically grounded in two new approaches to online consumer behaviour: the web-based communication exposure and internal psychological behavioural processes approaches; as well as the integration of various theoretical perspectives, approaches, theories and models that address fragments of offline and online consumer behaviour. The research problem is to address the existing limited and fragmented approaches, because existing purchasing perspectives arguably do not provide adequate theoretical criteria to explain online consumer behaviour during interactive information-seeking and consumption activities. Hence, the main aim of this article is to propose new theoretical criteria for online consumer behaviour to address these shortcomings.     

Online collaboration as a pedagogical approach to learning and teaching undergraduate legal education

Legal education is in a period of rapid development driven by changing industry demands and developing technologies. This paper will describe an innovative pilot study which utilises new technologies to provide an alternative mode of teaching and learning to meet growing industry demands for graduates who are technologically savvy and have strong communication and collaboration skills. The pilot study redesigns a law unit combining a more traditional approach with an approach in which online collaboration is critical to student learning as a teaching and assessment tool. After completing an online collaborative activity as part of their assessment for the unit, students completed an online survey to identify their perspectives of the online collaborative experience. The online survey data was analysed to identify common themes and the experiences of students are shared in this paper. The paper provides an example of how instructors might take advantage of a learning design process, online tools and infrastructure to develop educational experiences which promote communication and collaboration within the law discipline. It will also include five recommendations to consider when including online collaboration in unit design for law students.     

公安现代远程教育浅探

为推进公安信息化建设,满足民警终身教育的要求,加快发展公安现代远程教育刻不容缓。各地公安院校可在公安金盾网的四级网络基础上,构筑公安现代远程网络教学平台,采用最新的网络技术解决访问受限网络教学交互性、实时性不强的问题,并可通过五种途径在三个层面上对公安现代远程教育的发展进行规划。     

后疫情时代法院在线审理刑事案件之隐忧及纾解

“智慧法院”建设的倡导和新冠肺炎疫情防控的需要,推动法院在线审理刑事案件呈迅猛发展之势。但是在线审理存在冲击直接言词原则、减损司法的威仪、被告人辩护权保障不到位等问题。不仅加剧庭审的形式化,而且导致审理程序公正性和司法权威性的降低。在线审理刑事案件仅是线下物理空间审理的例外和补充,主要适用于速裁程序审理且被告人同意的案件和召开庭前会议以及证人、鉴定人在特殊情况下作证的环节,不能将线上审理常态化和普遍化。法院应尊重和保障被告人的程序选择权,法律援助全覆盖应“覆盖”至在线审理的案件,在线审理具有不同于线下审理的特点,应当建立相对独立的庭审规则。最高人民法院应尽快制定在线审理的技术规范,并将5G技术应用于在线审理。     

Understanding markers of trust within the online stolen data market: An examination of vendors’ signaling behaviors relative to product price point

Research Summary

The current study examined 1055 stolen data products across 40 vendors on the Open and Dark Web to determine whether different product- and vendor-level behaviors predicted vendors’ trustworthiness as reflected in their product price point. Understanding the mechanisms that convey trust in the underground marketplace is crucial as it could help law enforcement target serious actors and disrupt the larger marketplace. Findings suggest the online stolen data market may resemble an uninformative cost condition where buyers are unable to accurately differentiate credible sellers due to the obscure nature of signaling behaviors.

Policy Implications

Law enforcement would benefit from designing fake shops and deceptive forum posts that transmit mixed signals to complicate market participants’ process of interpreting trust signals as intended. These interventions would generate high levels of risk that encourage both buyers and sellers to exit the online illicit marketplace without needing law enforcement arrests. Law enforcement could also target prominent market facilitators to generate a larger disruption that prevents actors from continuing their illicit behavior.