地方科技进步立法与科技创新规律的协调研究

科技创新对社会的发展起着巨大的促进作用,地方科技立法要促进科技创新的发展必须遵循科技创新规律,符合科技进步的内在要求。但目前地方科技立法与科技创新规律不协调的状况依旧存在,地方科技进步立法须作进一步完善,须充分发挥科技人员的积极性,加大投入,促进科技成果的转化,鼓励可持续创新。     

科技创新领军型人才解析

随着国际与区域科技竞争加剧,科学、合理地界定“科技创新领军型人才”关系到国家与地区有关人才政策的有效性与可操作性。文章通过对现代科技创新特征的分析,认为科技创新领军型人才是高新技术领域中具有国际化视野的、熟悉国家或区域科技发展战略的、科研能力和产业化能力突出的创新团队领导者,分为前沿科技创新领军型人才、科技产业化领军人才和复合型科技创新领军型人才,并据此提出科技创新领军型人才的评价维度和培育机制。     

China's dualist model on technological catching up: a comparative perspective

Abstract

The central question of this paper is whether China can go beyond simple technological transfer and toward innovation in this age of globalization. By adopting an institutionalist perspective, this paper argues that China has developed a dualist model during its economic transitional period in which the foreign sector has been isolated from domestic firms, while the domestic industrial sectors have also failed to develop organic linkages among themselves to facilitate technological learning and generate innovation. This paper discusses four major institutional arrangements that deeply influence China's technological development – the institutional logic of economic reform, the state's industrial policy, the financial system and the industrial structure. It suggests that, owing to these institutional elements, China has neither developed economies of scale, as compared with the South Korean case, nor has it built up a network-type of economy similar to its Taiwanese counterpart in order to generate the mechanisms needed for technological innovation.     

An interpretation of Argentine economic growth since 1930. Part II∗

This article focuses on the measurement of embodied technological change. It develops the core-machinery approach to capital measurement, which is based on an engineering perspective on technological change. Using technical characteristics of different types of machinery, technical progress in the capital stock can be decomposed into incremental innovation in existing machinery and radical shifts to new technologies. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated by an analysis of embodied technological change in the Indonesian spinning and weaving industries. The core-machinery measure is compared with more traditional measures of the capital stock which are based on price information. Strengths, weaknesses and relevance of the new measure are discussed.     

The Effects of Continuous Application of the TASER X26 Waveform on Sus scrofa,

This study investigated and evaluated the safety margins of the continuous long duration (up to 30 min) effect of the TASER X26 waveform, using a Sus scrofa model. Long duration continuous stimulus has not been evaluated on humans or human surrogates prior to this study. Swine were used as models due to similarities with humans in their skin and cardiovascular systems. Very long duration was used to determine both exposure dose and possible adverse physiological effects of dose. The trial began with an application of 10 min, and subsequent animals received increasing exposure time up to a survived maximum duration of 30 min. At the onset of this work, it was hypothesized that there would be a time limit after which most animals would not survive consistent with increased dose response. However, this hypothesis was not supported by the experimental results. All animals (10 of 10) survived up to 3 min. Seven of the 10 animals survived up to a 10‐min exposure and 3 of 5 animals with a 30‐min target exposure survived the full exposure. Surviving animals were recovered and observed for 24 h, with no postrecovery deaths. This suggests that swine (based on physiology) will not experience a fatal event when exposed to the TASER X26 for a continuous 3 min. Conclusions regarding longer duration (10–30 min) are not as certain due to the small sample sizes at these time intervals.     

关于长三角区域的国际科技合作发展的研究

长三角区域是中国国际科技合作最为成功的地区之一。该文首先介绍长三角区域的国际科技合作现状,然后探讨长三角区域在国际科技合作过程中遇到的一些问题,最后提出促进长三角区域国际科技合作的意见和应对措施。     

Analysing legislative performance: a plebeian perspective

Legislative performance can be understood in terms of results (the quality of the laws enacted) or in terms of the literal performativity of legislators (the quality of their appearances on the public stage). This article examines two different ethical frameworks for evaluating legislative performance in this latter, performative sense: a deliberative model, which restricts just political performances to deliberative exchanges among citizens, and a plebeian model, which expands just political performances to include those where political and economic elites endure special burdens as a condition of their elevated status. Given certain drawbacks of the deliberative model and parallel advantages of the plebeian model, I endorse the plebeian approach to political performativity. The article concludes by elaborating one of the key contrasts between the two models with regard to political communication, namely the plebeian model's embrace of a distinct form of legislative disruption. Beyond the way deliberation itself disrupts non-communicative forms of power and beyond the way protests physically disrupt governmental processes, plebeianism invokes a third kind of disruption – non-deliberative speech – intended to rebuke and humble leaders rather than reach mutual understanding about issues.     

重读上海都市“新感觉”：从技术地理学到技术感性学的视角

技术的更迭不断地改造着人类社会的空间形态,也重构着在空间中生存之人的生命体验和审美感知。现代都市作为技术性空间,构成了上海新感觉派的感知环境,也是其重要的表征对象。上海都市现代性首先表现为一种传播和移植的“技术现代性”,是西方现代军事、运输和通信等技术的直接地理后果;而其在地生产,包括了都市空间的营造和城/乡空间关系的重构。新感觉派作家对现代技术事物的感觉之“新”,是在作为技术性空间的都市中,与“技术”效应之间产生的剧烈感应与共鸣。新感觉派技法的电影化,则是一种感性表征的现代技术媒介机制。从“技术地理学”到“技术感性学”的交汇视域来重读新感觉派,彰显了现代都市中“人/技术/空间”的辩证关系,在当代语境中具有普遍的参照意义。     

Geographic and technological R&;D spillovers within the triad: micro evidence from US patents

This paper aims at assessing the magnitude of R&D spillover effects on large international R&D companies’ productivity growth. In particular, we investigate the extent to which R&D spillover effects are intensified by both geographic and technological proximities between spillover generating and receiving firms. We also control for the firm’s ability to identify, assimilate and absorb the external knowledge stock. The results estimated by means of panel data econometric methods (system GMM) indicate a positive and significant impact of both types of R&D spillovers and of absorptive capacity on productivity performance.

技术创新的外部效应与生态化转向研究

技术创新的外部效应是导致环境污染与生态恶化的诱因之一。在市场条件下,通过征收庇古税等方法,虽然可以纠正这种外部效应,但没有从根本上解除环境污染与生态恶化等问题。实现技术创新生态化,使技术创新朝有利于可持续发展的方向发展是解决技术创新外部效应的必然选择,也是根本出路。