Uber Über regulation? Regulatory change following the emergence of new technologies in the taxi market

Can emerging technologies transform not only markets, but also foster new regulatory change mechanisms? In the context of prevailing theories of regulatory change, this article explores the extent to which an interest‐based explanation can account for the regulatory responses toward emerging Transportation Network Companies (TNCs). Based on a primary cross‐city analysis of the 40 largest cities in the United States, the study found that although the existence of ex ante interest groups indeed somewhat limited the extent of ex post regulatory acceptance of TNCs, regulators seemed to prefer the newcomers over existing incumbents and approved TNCs in 77.5 percent of the examined cities, rarely pursuing harsh enforcement even when TNCs operated illegally. The research attempts to explain this intriguing phenomenon by extending the interest‐based approach to account for the key role played by “technological regulatory entrepreneurs.” The entrepreneurs bridged collective action barriers by becoming the central agent that managed, and reaped the benefits of, the collective action, by lowering the organizational costs and by disseminating information effectively and turning consumers into political campaigners, thus successfully promoting regulatory change.     

文化养老研究的热点、趋势与展望——基于VOS viewer软件的知识图谱分析

本文基于中国知网(CNKI)检索2008-2020年259篇文化养老研究文献的题录数据,运用VOS viewer软件进行知识图谱分析以把握此问题研究热点、演进趋势并对未来发展予以展望.研究发现,十余年间,文化养老的关注对象集中于离退休老年人,供给主体侧重于老年大学、公共图书馆和社区.演进趋势包括两个方面:从发文量来看,...     

Can hyperlinks and digital rights management secure affordable access to information?

Digital Rights Management Systems (DRMs) related control mechanism, which are analogous to and augment the exclusive rights, have been the subject of debate since the early 1980s. DRMs, which function like an electronic security guard that ‘never leaves its post, never takes a break and never sleeps,¹ can invade the privacy of individuals, prevent competition and/or control access to a work that is not or is no longer copyright protected. Hyperlinks are citations of an electronic address, but when clicked they navigate the user to the source of further information, including codes circumventing DRMs. This article accepts that the excesses of DRMs can outreach copyright and/or contract law, but argues that DRMs provide an opportunity for innovative business models, which can both protect digital works and promote free use of hyperlinks. Part 1 outlines the background and legislative provisions related to DRMs. It contrasts the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) 1996,² Articles 11 and 12, with corresponding provisions found in the implementing legislation of the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) 1998,³ and the EU Copyright Directive (EUCD) 2001.⁴ It also examines the intellectual property aspects of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Europe's Anti-counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA).⁵ Part 2 debates opposing academic opinion and comments on case law relating to DRMs, including the use of hyperlinks as a way of trafficking circumvention technology and/or facilitating unauthorised access to a copyright work. It assesses the extent to which DRMs might inhibits the development of new products, prevents competition, or invades the privacy of individuals, and points to the opportunities a consumer group-rightholder negotiated model end user licence can offer. Part 3 concludes that DRMs bolsters the clutches of the rightholder, but reduce unauthorised access to information thus minimising revenue loss, which can make hyperlinked ‘consumer’ access to information ‘affordable,’ or even free.     

课外科技活动与大学生创新思维培养

目前,高校教学体系不完善、学生发散思维能力不强等因素阻碍了大学生创新思维的培养,而课外科技活动作为高校实践教学环节的重要组成部分,是培养大学生创新思维的有效载体。实践中,高校应深化教学改革,建立健全大学生课外科技活动体系;坚持开展课外科技活动,培养大学生的创新思维。     

我对科技进步和发展高科技产业的研究

上世纪70年代后期笔者由研究工业化而开始学习和研究科学技术问题,此后坚持长期跟踪研究。这些研究包括：从研究科学技术是生产力到研究科学技术是第一生产力;论证引进先进技术的必要性和重要性;研究现有企业技术改造;研究新技术革命的社会经济影响;研究发展高新技术产业的战略问题;等等。对研究工作的这种总结梳理,虽然展示的是一个长期致力于我国科技进步和发展高科技产业研究学者的理论成果和探索历程,但也间接反映出我国科技进步和发展高科技产业的理论和实践发展进程。     

高校科技企业 我国高新技术产业的希望

缺少“领头羊”是我国高新技术产业发展滞缓的一个重要原因。现阶段 ,高校科技企业所具有的独特优势 ,使其最有可能担当这一历史重任。高校科技企业要真正承担这一重任 ,托起我国高新技术产业快速崛起的希望 ,还须“内练真功 ,外争条件”。     

合理使用制度在网络环境下的困惑和出路

网络改变了人们的生活,人们通过互联网可以获取自己所需的各种各样的信息,了解和掌握社会最新的发展动态,极大地节省获取信息所需的成本。然而,网络技术是一把双刃剑,它在给我们带来巨大便利的同时,对传统的著作权制度造成较大的冲击,随之出现了著作权人和以社会公众为代表的作品使用者之间新的利益平衡的问题。网络环境下的著作权合理使用制度遇到的一些新问题及其发展变化,需要从法理的角度进行探讨,以保护网络环境下权利人的利益。     

闽台经济合作的技术选择研究

该文章回顾了闽台经济合作历经五个阶段的历史沿革，分析了闽台经济合作的现状与问题，提出了闽台在农业产业、资讯产业、石化产业、电子控制技术以及环境保护等方面的技术选择与加强闽台经济合作，促进经济增长的战略构想，并提出了优化科技资源、改善投资环境以及建立协调机制等政策建议。     

科技成果转化与科技成果信息资源的开发利用

科技成果信息资源开发利用的基本途径有：（１）采用“出版物──数据库”一体化模式开发和利用科技成果信息资源;（２）面向企业信息主管与信息经纪人的开发利用模式;（３）促进官、产、学、研结合,完善技术创新机制;（４）建立风险投资与交叉融资机制,带动科技成果信息资源开发利用;（５）科技创新信息与产业化经营信息一体化,创造企业对创新活动的有效信息需求;（６）建立“科技成果转化咨询中心”。     

技术进步与企业组织变革

技术进步与企业组织变革之间具有互动关系,技术进步促使企业组织变革,企业组织变革带来的制度创新进一步发挥技术进步带来的倍增效益.