内观疗法在罪犯改造中的本土化应用

内观疗法作为一种独立的心理治疗方法,通过回顾和检讨内观者自己过往的所作所为,进行自我洞察、自我分析,以纠正自己的不良态度,改善自己的人格特征,使内观者在内观的过程中产生健康人应有的做了错事后的罪恶感、羞耻感,通过内观者对自我形象和他人形象进行调整,提高与他人的共鸣、协调和自我控制的能力,其与罪犯改造高度的适切性,决定着将其引入罪犯改造必将带来良好的效果。     

Segmental Hair Analysis—Interpretation of the Time of Drug Intake in Two Patients Undergoing Drug Treatment

The present study involved segmental testing of hair in two clinical cases with known dosage histories. Hair analysis confirmed the first patient's exposure to the prescribed sertraline and citalopram for several months. Citalopram was generally distributed along the hair shaft in accordance with the drug ingestion period. By contrast, “false” positive results were observed for sertraline in distal hair segments, corresponding to a period of no sertraline exposure, which may indicate incorporation from sweat or sebum, which transport the drugs along the hair surface. The second patient received various drugs during her treatment for brain cancer. Metoclopramide, morphine, oxazepam, paracetamol, sumatriptan, tramadol, and zopiclone, which had been part of the therapy, were all detected in the proximal hair segment. The results of these two cases indicated that results—especially concerning the time of drug intake—must be interpreted with caution and allow for the possibility of incorporation from sweat or sebum.     

Community mobilisation and HIV activism in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT

Community mobilisation and activism is thought to encourage HIV testing and treatment and assist patient recovery. This article draws on interviews conducted with 60 people living with, and affected by HIV, in four marginalised areas of Harare, Zimbabwe. The lenses of civil society and social movements are used to analyse how people living with HIV draw on, and construct, systems of support based on the ways in which their communities know and understand the epidemic. I consider how neighbourhoods negotiate and assert community and individual needs in relation to HIV and how such systems can develop into community networks and wider coalitions. The article concludes by positing that, by interrogating official responses to the epidemic, HIV-related activism and social movements can help to domesticate formal commitments to international health protocols and compliance, particularly in terms of the intent, as well as the participatory rhetoric, of health based rights.     

电针预处理对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑自由基含量的影响

目的：观察电针预处理对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织的二醛（MDA），谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量的影响，方法：用线栓法复制大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型，观察大鼠缺血2h再灌注后24h脑组织MDA，GSH的含量，结果：电针预处理能够显降低脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织MDA的含量（P＜0．01），同时GSH含量有升高趋势（P＞0．05），结论：电针预处理可以抑制大鼠脑缺血再灌注过程中自由基的生成，增强自由基清除力，从而起到抗脑缺血再灌注引起的自由基损伤，实现对中枢神经元的保护作用。     

Parent–child contact problems and family intensive interventions: The crisis of adolescent suicidality and the role of social media

Although clinicians, educators and parents have been alarmed by the decline in the mental health of children and adolescents commensurate with the Covid-19 pandemic, statistics indicate there has been a downward spiral over the last decade. This has been evident in the overall increase in suicide rates for young people. For legal and mental health professionals working in the Family Court system, this has provided unique challenges. Most vulnerable has been those children and adolescents embroiled in high conflict divorces, especially those exhibiting parent child contact problems. This article focuses upon that population exhibiting parent child contact problems, and their treatment, specifically Family Intensive Intervention. Building Family Resilience is an Intensive family treatment program that has had to address this deterioration in child and adolescent mental health and increase in suicidality. The role of social media in both exacerbating and/or ameliorating mental health issues is explored.     

艾灸联合西医常规疗法治疗糖尿病神经源性膀胱36例

目的 观察艾灸联合西医常规疗法治疗糖尿病神经源性膀胱的临床疗效。方法 将72例糖尿病神经源性膀胱患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组36例,对照组进行西医常规治疗,观察组在此基础上采用秩边、气海、关元、肾俞、脾俞、三焦俞等穴位艾灸治疗,疗程2周。观察并比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后分别观察中医证候积分和检测膀胱残余尿量。结果 观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组治疗后中医证候积分和膀胱残余尿量均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,但观察组治疗前后中医证候积分和残余尿量降低值显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 艾灸联合西医常规疗法治疗糖尿病神经源性膀胱的近期临床疗效确切。     

Mentalisation-based therapy (MBT) in a high-secure hospital setting: expert by experience feedback on participation

Evidence for mentalisation-based therapy (MBT) is increasing in relation to the treatment of personality disorder. Individuals with personality disorder are over-represented in inpatient, forensic and forensic inpatient mental health services. This study explores MBT within a forensic setting as an intervention designed to moderate deficits linked to violence and to improve adaptive coping. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on interviews with four patients who completed MBT at a high-secure hospital. Findings suggest that MBT-enhanced participants’ mentalising which had a positive impact upon their capacity to manage their behaviour and emotions. MBT further enabled participants to process past experiences of violence and develop some degree of empathy for others, which led to a trend in abstinence from risk behaviours. Findings contribute a secure inpatient perspective on the experience of MBT and to MBT clinical outcomes.     

Recounting Graphic Sexual Abuse Memories in Therapy: The Impact on Women's Healing

This retrospective study investigates the impact on women's functioning of recounting during their therapy the graphic details of sexual abuse they had experienced in childhood. Fifty-nine participants residing in Southern Ontario were divided into two groups: those who spent more time (N=19) versus less time (N=40) in therapy recounting graphic abuse details. Results revealed that the group who had spent more time recounting abuse memories: (a) had mean functioning scores that were significantly lower before and during therapy, but that did not significantly differ after therapy; (b) recovered more memories of abuse during therapy, and (c) were more likely to have participated in hypnosis, and to report having been encouraged to remember details of abuse. Participants rated as most therapeutic those approaches that assisted them to increase their understanding of the abuse. Strategies related to acceptance, understanding, and making meaning were most important in promoting healing.     

益气养阴活血方治疗2型糖尿病 气阴两虚夹瘀证临床观察

目的 观察益气养阴活血方治疗2型糖尿病气阴两虚夹瘀证的临床疗效。方法 将60例2型糖尿病气阴两虚夹瘀证患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。两组患者均予饮食、运动等健康教育,并予西药控制血糖,观察组患者同时口服益气养阴活血方。治疗前和治疗1周后分别检测两组患者空腹血糖（fasting plasma glucose, FPG）、血糖水平标准差（standard deviation of blood glucose,SDBG）和空腹血糖变异系数（coefficient of variation of fasting plasma glucose,CV-FPG）,同时观察两组患者治疗4周后临床症状的改善情况。结果 治疗后两组FPG、SDBG和CV FPG均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,观察组FPG、SDBG降低程度显著大于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组患者治疗后口渴多饮、乏力倦怠、多食易饥、五心烦热和肢体麻木的改善程度均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组中医证候疗效明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 益气养阴活血方能有效降低2型糖尿病气阴两虚夹瘀证患者的空腹血糖和血糖波动,改善其临床症状。     

联用通窍活血针法治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难26例

目的 观察联用通窍活血针法治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难的临床疗效。方法 将52例脑卒中后吞咽困难患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组26例。对照组给予西医基础治疗和常规针刺治疗,治疗组加用通窍活血针法治疗,即针刺“舌三针”穴位及深刺金津、玉液穴,点刺聚泉穴。治疗前后分别观察两组患者洼田饮水试验评分和中医症状评分,并观察临床疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后洼田饮水试验评分均显著升高（P＜0.05）,中医症状评分均显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗组洼田饮水试验评分升高程度和中医症状评分降低程度明显大于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组临床疗效分布比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组。结论 在常规针刺疗法基础上联用通窍活血针法可以提高脑卒中后吞咽困难的临床疗效。