通督调神针法联合经筋结点放血治疗脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪30例

目的 观察通督调神针法联合经筋结点放血治疗脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪的临床疗效.方法 将60例脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例.对照组予以通督调神针法治疗,治疗组在通督调神针法的基础上予以经筋结点放血治疗.治疗前后分别采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institution Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评价神经功能缺损情况,采用改良Ashworth痉挛分级量表(modified Ashworth scale,MAS)评价肢体痉挛程度,采用简式Fugl-Meyer评定法(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)评价脑卒中后运动功能障碍程度,并观察临床疗效.结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后NIHSS评分、MAS等级显著降低(P<0.05),FMA评分显著升高(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后NIHSS评分、MAS等级降低程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05),FMA评分升高程度明显大于对照组(P<0.05).治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 通督调神针法联合经筋结点放血可显著改善脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪的痉挛状态及运动功能,且优于单纯通督调神针法治疗方案.     

Managing children's and adolescents' medical complaints amid parent conflict: Strategies and tools for professionals

Children and adolescents who are having difficulty coping with stress often present with complaints of physical discomfort. Effective treatment approaches exist for many of these issues. Among high-conflict parents, however, children's medical issues can become another canvas for conflict, with parents focused more on blaming one another for the child's distress than on options for assisting the child. Professionals can be drawn into the conflict to such a degree that they overlook essential steps for addressing and managing these issues. The authors present a research-informed model for managing medical and psychophysiological issues amid parental conflict.     

贴敷疗法配合腰痹方治疗退变性腰椎不稳短期临床疗效评价

目的 观察贴敷疗法配合腰痹方治疗退变性腰椎不稳的短期临床疗效。 方法 将94例退变性腰椎不稳的住院患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组47例,其中治疗组脱落2例,对照组脱落3例。对照组患者接受贴敷疗法,治疗组患者加服腰痹方。采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue score,VAS）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）评估临床疗效,采用SF-36量表评估生存质量。 结果 两组治疗10、21 d后,VAS评分和ODI均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05）,且治疗组VAS评分和ODI均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗21 d后,两组SF-36各维度评分与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗组生理机能、生理职能、精力、社会功能4个维度评分升高值显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。 结论 贴敷疗法配合腰痹方治疗退变性腰椎不稳能减轻疼痛,提高临床疗效及患者生存质量,短期临床疗效满意。     

Forensic occupational therapy to reduce risk of reoffending: a survey of practice in the United Kingdom

Forensic services are required to reduce an individual’s risk of reoffending. Despite being integral to forensic mental health services, the contribution of forensic occupational therapy to achieving this aim is unclear. This study describes current forensic occupational therapy practice to reduce reoffending risk in the United Kingdom. Responses to a cross-sectional survey consisting of multiple choice and free-text questions were analysed using frequency counts and percentages, and thematic analysis respectively. Of the 58 participants, 83% actively addressed reoffending risk. Participants informed practice with occupation-focused theories, models and assessment tools. Five themes described forensic occupational therapy to reduce reoffending risk: an occupational perspective of risk assessment and formulation; volitional realignment; increasing protective factors; community integration; and enhancing understanding of forensic occupational therapy. Forensic occupational therapists perceive their practice to contribute to reducing reoffending risk, but are yet to establish routine outcome measurement in this area. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.     

Body- and movement-based interventions with male offenders – a narrative review

Therapeutic and psychosocial accompaniment of offenders is increasingly being understood as a communal responsibility. Apart from recognised treatment batteries, an increasing amount of body- and movement-based interventions is carried out within the prison environment. Extensive literature searches were performed for this review. From a total of 2908, 23 publications were included. An increase in research interest in body- and movement-based interventions during the past 5 years was observed. Such interventions are being flexibly applied in detention contexts across western countries, transnationally. Effects of emotional nature as well as competence are being described. Body- and movement-based interventions may contribute substantially in the supervision within the prison regime and can be applied in different modalities as well as low- and high-threshold treatments. Scientific development in this field still is rudimentary and thus further research is necessary in order to provide more evidence for modification processes and efficacy from validated studies.     

Delivering effective therapeutic interventions for men with severe personality disorder within a high secure prison

Abstract

The Fens Unit is a government-initiated facility for male prisoners reaching criteria for Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD). Prisoners are assessed using a standardised process; those meeting criteria engage in a five-year treatment programme using a cognitive interpersonal model. Personality disorder is seen as a combination of coping strategies, developed in response to experience, which results in dysfunctions of thinking, feeling, behaviour and interpersonal relationships. These dysfunctions are linked to offending. Therefore, in order to reduce risk, multiphasic interventions – individual and group therapies – specifically target each dysfunction area, focusing on the developmental experiences that generated them. Each man's individual risk factors become treatment targets that are addressed in every aspect of the programme. All staff on the unit, clinical and operational, attempt to improve the quality of interpersonal relationships the prisoner has access to in order to create remedial experiences that are necessary to attain the capacity to develop socially adaptive cognitive, emotional and behavioural responses. This paper describes the treatment provided to these prisoners and the outcomes for the first cohort to have completed treatment (n=18). Results indicate that there is a reduction in violent behaviour, a higher than expected attendance at therapy, a decrease in actuarial risk measures and the majority of men are successfully managed in lower security after programme completion.     

On a clear day you can see forever: Integrating values and skills in sex offender treatment

Abstract

The topic of sex offender rehabilitation frequently evokes fierce reactions, ranging from strident demands for harsher sentences contrasted with calls for more imaginative and compassionate sentencing options. There seems to be a polarization of positions centred on the question of offenders’ moral standing: are they moral strangers or fellow travellers? This fundamental disagreement about offenders’ moral status is at the core of a number of independent, although related current practice and research issues confronting the field, namely: (1) risk management versus strength-based treatment approaches; (2) the utility of utilizing individually tailored versus manual-based programmes for offenders; (3) focusing on the technical aspects or therapy as opposed to relationship and therapist factors (what has been called process issues); and (4) the conflict between protecting the community versus promoting the interests of offenders. In this paper I suggest that an approach to sex offender treatment based on a combination of human rights theory (an ethical resource) and strengths-based approaches can help us navigate our way through the above dilemmas in a way that addressees both the needs of offenders and those of the community.     

Narrative Therapy and Peacebuilding

Dealing with trauma and loss in a post-conflict environment demands nuanced responses that take into account individual-level healing work and avoid standardized, statist, institutionalized solutions which tend to prioritize national unity by subordinating disparate individual memories. This article explores how narrative therapy advances the use of local initiatives, skills and values, challenges notions of therapeutic governance and generates possibilities of experiencing an increased sense of agency. Further, it introduces a range of collective narrative methodologies that open up the space for diverse meanings and alternative stories that can contribute to peacebuilding and recovery from the effects of trauma.     

儿童精神分析学的主要方法及其应用

儿童精神分析的出现被视为是精神分析"新范式的开始".儿童精神分析学的方法主要来自并运用于临床实践与临床发现,迥异于学院心理学的方法,有其自身的特色与优势.其方法主要包括两个方面,一是研究方法,二是治疗方法.儿童精神分析学最主要的方法包括重构法、观察法、实验法、测验法以及游戏疗法.纵观儿童精神分析学的主要方法,我们会发现它们与发展心理学的研究方法有某些共同之处,但发展心理学则更多地是进行标准化研究和对发展过程的详细描绘,而儿童精神分析学者更多研究心理发展动力与潜意识的影响.二者在研究结果与研究内容方面出现了逐渐融合的趋势,越来越多的儿童精神分析学的研究主题,如母婴关系、自我功能、自我发展、分离与剥夺、受挫与攻击性等逐渐纳入发展心理学的视野.