警察权宪法基础之比较法考察(上)

规范执法是警察工作的主旋律和生命线,警察权是决定因素。警务建设是宪政建设的有机组成部分,应从宪法中探寻警察权定位以确立警务建设之根基。国内外宪法对警察权的具体表述有所差异,但显示出警察权是有鲜明特色的权力,具有主动性等行政权的基本特征,与其他行政权相比具有人身自由强制处分权等个性特征,而没有立法权内容,也不是司法权。     

全球化、社会转型与中产阶级的建构——以中国为对象的比较研究

20世纪90年代后,中产阶级在中国社会的成长是一个具有全球性意义的话题。这一话题所以具有世界范围内的学术意义,不仅在于中国是一个具有13亿人口的大国,更在于中国中产阶级出现和成长的独特性。同西方相比,中国中产阶级受到全球化的影响,不仅表现出了鲜明的消费主义特征,而且消费更为突出地成为地位模糊的中产阶级寻求社会认同的途径。同东欧前社会主义国家相比,一方面,经济改革的成功凸显了这一阶级的消费能力;另一方面,现有的政治格局也制约了中产阶级的行动空间。中国经济的迅猛发展和政治改革的相对滞后,使得中产阶级凸现出＂消费前卫、政治后卫”的双重特征。     

Introduction: Communication and Civic Engagement in Comparative Perspective

The present era is defined by sweeping changes in economies, social institutions, political party systems, and communication processes in many nations. These changes go by various names from globalization to poststructuralism. The impact of these tectonic shifts in the political foundations of nations is greatly debated. In particular, considerable uncertainty surrounds the effects of various changes on the importance of politics for individual citizens and for the kinds of civic activities that people engage in and even regard as political. This is an important time for communication scholars to develop comparative frameworks that bring conceptions of social change together with how people located in various cultural, demographic, and audience groups define their relations to government and, more broadly, to civil society. At stake is our understanding of the role of communication in shaping these political relations, and in shaping the attitudes of citizens about politics, government, and society itself.     

Why Do the Finns Trust the Police?

Ideological trends in the criminal policy of the Nordic countries since the 1960s are analysed. Although criminal policy in these countries is not unified, one can argue for the existence of a 'Scandinavian criminal policy' characterized by several common features concerning historical tradition, intensive cooperation and a similar approach to crime prevention and control. The following trends and characteristics are examined in some detail: the cycle from criticism of the treatment ideology to a reappraisal of the role of the criminal justice system and the function of penal sanctions; the differentiation of criminal policy strategies (e.g. social and situational crime prevention, cost-benefit thinking, criminal law policy, sanctions policy). Discernible tendencies towards more unified or, at least, more harmonized criminal policies on the international and European level are also examined. Active participation in this developmental process is encouraged to ensure that the fundamental principles of Scandinavian criminal policy are properly utilized.     

美国法上两种传闻定义的比较研究

传闻排除规则由三个部分组成,传闻的定义是其中最基础的组成部分。在美国证据法上存在着"陈述者中心"和"主张中心"两种不同的传闻定义。它们在历史形成过程、基本原理、对"暗示性"主张的态度等方面都存在着差异。两种传闻定义各有优劣,但是结合我国当前实际,笔者认为"主张中心"的传闻定义更符合我国诉讼制度的要求。     

法、英两种语言的比较研究与教学

法语和英语悠久的历史渊源使二者在语言形式上有着不可分割的姻亲关系,本文试从法、英文的历史融合,二者共同的语言现象,学生、教师的自身素质以及比较教学的模式例析等层面来分析两种语言比较学习、比较教学的可行性和有效性,从而说明比较的方法是积极的、富有成效的,并且顺应时代对多语种人才的需求。     

Metropolitan Governance in Deutschland: Normative,utilitaristische, kommunikative und dramaturgische Steuerungsansätze

Der Aufsatz beschreibt die historische Entwicklung und die jüngsten Formen politischer Steuerungsansätze in sechs westdeutschen Großstadtregionen. Es sind dies die Regionen Hamburg, Bremen, Hannover, Frankfurt, Stuttgart und München. Zu diesem Zweck wird im theoretischen Teil eine zweidimensionale Typologie von Formen der Metropolitan Governance entwickelt. In der ersten Dimension werden Governance‐Formen nach dem Strukturmuster der Interaktion unterschieden, in der zweiten Dimension werden die Governance‐Formen aufgrund der zugrundeliegenden Handlungstheorie (normatives, utilitaristisches, kommunikatives und dramaturgisches Handeln) differenziert. Mit Hilfe der dadurch gewonnenen acht Idealtypen wird im darauf folgenden empirischen Teil gezeigt, dass bis in die 1970er Jahre normative Steuerungsformen die Diskussion beherrschten und diese in den 1980er Jahren durch ein utilitaristisches Paradigma in Frage gestellt wurden. Seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre wurde verstärkt auf kommunikative und dramaturgische Governance‐Formen gesetzt, auf deren Grundlage können sich aber ganz unterschiedliche Governance‐Schwerpunkte und z.T. auch ausdifferenzierte “Governance‐Landschaften” in den verschiedenen Stadtregionen etablieren.     

人民币汇率形成机制改革对中日贸易利益格局的影响

中日两国迅猛发展的经贸关系对东亚经济合作、整个世界经济的发展都会产生重要的影响;但在中日贸易利益分配格局中,我国却长期处于不利的地位。人民币汇率形成机制改革后,我国总价格贸易条件和中日双要素贸易条件将得到改善、比较价格水平将得到提升,同时也将促进我国产业和贸易结构升级,从而改善我国在中日贸易中的利益分配;但也应积极防御汇率双向浮动给中日贸易利益带来的风险和不确定性。     

东盟五国制造业贸易竞争力的变迁与分析

本文运用贸易竞争力指数对东盟五国制造业在1996-2006年间的出口竞争力进行了实证测度, 并且也相应地测度了东盟各国长期稳定地处于比较优势、比较劣势的产业,以及随着时间的推移比较优势和比较劣势互相转换的产业.最后,文章对实证结果作了分析.     

The Stability of Political Attitudes and Behaviors across Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Comparison of Survey Data on Adolescents and Young Adults in Eight Countries

The persistence of adolescents’ political attitudes and behaviors into adulthood is a perennial concern in research on developmental psychology. While some authors claim that adolescents’ attitudinal patterns will remain relatively stable throughout the life cycle, others argue that the answers of adolescents in political surveys have but a limited predictive value for their future attitudes and behaviors. In this article, we tackle this question on an aggregate level, by comparing survey data for 14, 18 and 18 to 30 year old respondents from eight European countries (n = resp. 22,620; 20,142 and 2800). We examine political trust, attitudes toward immigrants’ rights and voting behavior. The analysis suggests that country patterns with regard to political trust and attitudes toward immigrant rights are already well established by the age of 14. We find less indications for stability in the relation between intention to vote (for 14 and 18 years olds) and actual voting behavior (for young adults). The latent structure of the political trust scale was found to be equivalent for the three age groups we investigated. We close by offering some suggestions on why attitudinal stability seems stronger than behavioral stability.