美中商业秘密内涵的思考

从美国商业秘密法的发展来看,商业秘密的内涵呈现出从秘密性、实用性至秘密性、价值性和管理性再至秘密性和价值性的一个变化过程,而我国有关法律及规定明确认为商业秘密在内涵上需要具备秘密性、实用性、价值性和管理性四个构成要件。从两国的规定看,两国对商业秘密内涵的理解在新颖性、实用性、管理性三个方面存在较大分歧。     

Black Mist and White Collars: Economic Crime in the United States and Japan

Comparative studies of crime have persistently challenged and daunted criminology scholars. For criminologists studying Japan, interest has traditionally been focused on the country’s much-heralded low crime rate. The current study examines white-collar lawbreaking in both the United States and Japan, focusing on similarities and differences in culture, law, criminal justice system response, corporate governance, and regulation. The study concludes that if Japan’s low crime rate is an enigma to criminologists, then its ample amounts of white-collar and corporate crime appear that much more puzzling. Given that the depth of the problem of white-collar crime goes far beyond adjudicated cases, Japan’s remarkably low rate of common crime is likely eclipsed by its rate of white-collar and corporate crime. The study concludes that the different legal and cultural contexts of the “law in inaction” go far in explaining the official nonrecognition of white-collar and corporate crime in both the United States and Japan.

从经济学角度谈非法入境活动的原因和对策

非法入境是公安机关外国人管理过程中的一道难题,本文试图从经济学的角度,运用机会成本、成本——收益分析和比较成本对其进行分析并提出相应的措施,以期能减少非法入境现象。     

Asian Criminology – Challenges, Opportunities, and Directions

Despite considerable advances in the field of criminology in Asia over the past few decades, the pace of growth has been quite slow compared with the rapid development of the field in North America and Europe. This paper discusses key features of the Asian context as they are related to the development of criminology in Asia. The paper examines the major challenges that Asia’s diverse culture, legal traditions, crimes, and crime control pose for development of criminology in Asia. It also discusses the opportunities afforded by the Asian context. The paper proposes general strategies in response to the challenges. The author suggests the importance of moving towards a unified paradigm of Asian Criminology. The Asian Journal of Criminology aims to play an instrumental role in this process of advancing Asian criminology.     

比较法视野下的东亚法律人才养成制度改革

本文对20世纪末以来中国、日本、韩国借鉴美国法学院制度进行的法学教育改革进行了概要介绍,在此基础上,对三国继受美国法学教育模式的动因进行了分析,比较了中、日、韩三国在新法学教育制度设计上的差异,评价了改革的实践效果。作者认为,比较法的研究可以为中国法学教育改革提供更加广阔的国际视野,中国建构科学合理的法律人才养成制度,必须全面反映和评估对法律人才的需求,并在此基础上进行整体性改革才能确保改革目标的实现。     

美国法学教育和法律职业养成

美国法学教育是普通法传统下三年制研究生层次的职业教育。美国法学院力求教会学生学会在广泛学科领域中进行法律分析、掌握法律技能和理解职业价值。美国法学教育也遭到了各种各样的批评,有人批评法学院是否有效地为学生从事法律职业提供了充分准备。本文对美国法学教育作了概括介绍,分析了美国法学教育面临的挑战,并介绍了对当前的法学教育模式所提出的批评等内容。     

The Realism of Universals in Plato and Nyāya

It has become commonplace in introductions to Indian philosophy to construe Plato’s discussion of forms (εἶδος/ἰδέα) and the treatment in Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika of universals (sāmānya/jāti) as addressing the same philosophical issue, albeit in somewhat different ways. While such a comparison of the similarities and differences has interest and value as an initial reconnaissance of what each says about common properties, an examination of the roles that universals play in the rest of their philosophical enquiries vitiates this commonplace. This paper draws upon the primary texts to identify the following metaphysical, epistemological, semantic and soteriological roles that universals play in the philosophy of Plato and of Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika:

Metaphysical: causal of the existence of x Metaphysical: constitutive of the identity/essence of x Epistemological: cognitively causal (i.e. of the cognition of one over many) Epistemological: epistemically causal (i.e. of knowledge of x) Semantic: necessary condition of speech and reason Epistemological: vindicatory of induction (Nyāya only) Metaphysical: explanatory of causation (Nyāya only) Soteriological: cathartic contemplation (Plato only)

These roles provide us with motivations or reasons to believe that universals exist. As we examine these motivations, we find pressures mounting against our assimilating Platonic forms and the universals of Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika in the discourse about common properties. It is especially when we appreciate the utterly different contribution that universals make in securing our highest welfare that we realize how Plato and the two sister schools are not so much talking somewhat differently about the same thing, but talking somewhat similarly about different things. This better understanding of this difference in these philosophies opens a route for our better understanding of their unique contributions in the ongoing dialogue of philosophy.     

也是西风渐东土——《民法研究指引》的指引

《民法研究指引》一书作为日本民法研究方法的集成,在日本法学界受到极高重视,但此书诞生于20世纪末,其所介绍的论文写作方式与日本继受法学的阶段、司法实务以及学术研究的环境紧密相关。我国研究者借鉴日本法学的研究手法之时,应当立足于我国的学术生产方式进行功能性参照,发挥我国的后发与主体优势,将不同研究方式的功能进行精准定位,在凝聚研究共识、明确研究方向上深化努力。     

Fundamentos de derecho comparado y global: ¿Cabe un orden común en la globalización?

The current crisis is global, for historical reasons (for the end of a period dominated by the national-State), space (planetary-scale) and materials (affecting almost any social institution). We can take the opportunity to evaluate and to come back to the beginning of the new paradigm, the spirit of San Francisco, after World War II, when people believed in the possibility to contribute all together to the common good, by international organizations.     

警察权宪法基础之比较法考察(下)

规范执法是警察工作的主旋律和生命线,警察权是决定因素。警务建设是宪政建设的有机组成部分,应从宪法中探寻警察权定位以确立警务建设之根基。国内外宪法对警察权的具体表述有所差异,但显示出警察权是有鲜明特色的权力,具有主动性等行政权的基本特征,与其他行政权相比具有人身自由强制处分权等个性特征,而没有立法权内容,也不是司法权。