浅析当前全国命案侦办情况——第二届全国公安刑侦系统“命案卷宗评比”工作综述

2006年全国公安刑侦系统"命案卷宗评比"在云南警官学院侦查系顺利完成。通过此次评比工作发现:全国各地公安刑侦部门命案侦办质量有明显提高,科技强侦意识进一步增强,"一长双责"制得到较好落实,办案程序上的问题大大减少,法律文书制作和案卷装订质量有明显改进。但是,一些单位、一些案件在执法办案中仍存在不少问题有待进一步改进。今后,应坚持系统业务培训,提高民警的办案能力;逐步推行命案审讯全程录音录像制度;加强管理、明确责任,落实命案办案责任制。     

城市未成年人与农村未成年人现代观的比较研究

研究表明，在同样的社会阶段，不同地域的未成年人的现代观具有显著的同一性和差异性。同一性表现在价值意识基本一致、价值取向基本一致、价值选择基本一致。差异性表现在价值认知的程度不一、价值行为的强度不一、价值发展的跨度不一。基本导因为：接受的成人价值观的影响不同、生存条件的差异、传媒影响力的差异、时尚不同步。     

我国内地与澳门地区商事仲裁协议之比较(下)

……六、商事仲裁协议与仲裁管辖权……4．涉外仲裁协议效力审查法律适用仲裁协议的法律适用是指支配与仲裁协议有关的实体问题应当适用的法律。此项法律适用于仲裁的解释、仲裁协议的有效、无效以及解除等问题。涉外仲裁协议因当事人具有不同国籍,或其营业地处于不同国家,或仲裁地在外国等因素而涉及不同国家的法律,确定该仲裁协议的形式和实质有效性、作用、失效以及解释仲裁协议时,法律适用至关重要。而在涉外仲裁实践中,     

我国现行三大仲裁制度之比较研究

我国仲裁制度经历了一个产生、发展和完善的过程。随着我国《仲裁法》、《劳动法》、《公务员法》的颁布和最高人民法院有关司法解释的发布,在我国呈现出民商仲裁、劳动仲裁与人事仲裁三大仲裁制度并存的局面。三大仲裁制度都有其法律的支撑并自成体系。相对而言,民商仲裁制度比劳动仲裁制度和人事仲裁制度较为成熟,劳动仲裁制度需要重新设计仲裁程序,人事仲裁制度则应该并轨到劳动仲裁制度之中。     

两岸房地产市场发展与调控政策：经验、比较与启示

大陆和台湾房地产市场具有不同的制度背景和发展历程，然而随着经济合作和全球化加深，两岸房地产市场联系日益紧密。台湾房地产市场发展历经4次房价高涨，房地产调控注重以市场调节方式为主、保障合理居住需求和立法。大陆房地产市场发展历经4个阶段，房地产调控政策频出，但其仍以行政干预为主。两岸房地产市场调控手段不尽相同，但调控房价和健全市场是其共同目标，分析比较两岸房地产市场发展历程和调控政策有助于相互启发和借鉴。     

反海外腐败的法律与制度：国际比较与中国方案

反海外腐败是当前全球反腐败领域的热点问题,也是治理腐败的难点问题。全球范围内的国际组织与不同国家和地区先后制定出台了相关的法律与制度,尽管这些法律与制度各不相同,但是基本都遵循了一定的国际背景和本国本地区背景,对这些法律与制度进行国际比较研究对于中国来说具有重要的借鉴价值。面对当前反海外腐败的形势与任务,中国应当坚定反腐败制度体系的高度自信,从完善反海外腐败的相关法律制度、推动中国跨国企业建立有效的合规管理制度体系、增强中国建立国际性反腐败制度文件的话语权等方面着力,全面提升反海外腐败的治理能力。     

Putting the Special Case in Its Place: Switzerland and Small‐N Comparison in Policy Research

This research note presents a set of strategies to conduct small‐N comparisons in policy research including the Swiss case. Even though every country can be considered “special” to some extent, the Swiss political system is often viewed as a particularly difficult case for comparison because of the impact of its idiosyncratic institutional features (most notably direct democracy). In order to deal with this problem, our note sets out two possible strategies ‐ the use of functional equivalents and of counterfactual reasoning ‐ and explains how to implement them empirically through process tracing and the establishment of causal chains. As an illustration, these strategies are used for a comparison of the process of electricity market liberalisation in Switzerland and Belgium.     

欧洲及东亚国家社会保障制度的比较与借鉴

健全与完善的社会保障制度在稳定社会环境、促进经济发展方面发挥着积极的作用。欧洲福利国家的社会保障制、新加坡的中央公积金制度及日本的社会保障制度都各具特色。     

Les parlementaires suisses entre démocratisation et professionnalisation, 1910–2000

L'analyse du profil sociographique des élites politiques, notamment des parlementaires, a été largement délaissée en Suisse depuis les années 1970. En outre, la Suisse n'a pas été retenue par les récents travaux comparatifs portant sur différents parlements européens. Cet article vise, d'une part, à mettre en perspective comparée le cas suisse, et d'autre part, à prolonger les études réalisées durant les années 1970. À partir de l'analyse sociographique de cinq cohortes de parlementaires fédéraux (1910, 1937, 1957, 1980, 2000) durant le 20ième siècle, nous mettons en évidence l'évolution de la composition du Parlement sous l'angle de sa démocratisation et de sa professionnalisation récente. Nos résultats permettent de mettre en évidence les spécificités du Parlement helvétique en comparaison européenne. Celles‐ci tiennent d'abord à la prédominance de la catégorie des indépendants, notamment des avocats, ainsi qu'à une sous‐représentation des salariés du secteur public. Les parlementaires suisses se caractérisent également par un plus fort ancrage local et par une longévité parlementaire très élevée.     

New perspectives in the use of ink evidence in forensic science: Part III: Operational applications and evaluation

The research reported in this series of article aimed at (1) automating the search of questioned ink specimens in ink reference collections and (2) at evaluating the strength of ink evidence in a transparent and balanced manner. These aims require that ink samples are analysed in an accurate and reproducible way and that they are compared in an objective and automated way. This latter requirement is due to the large number of comparisons that are necessary in both scenarios. A research programme was designed to (a) develop a standard methodology for analysing ink samples in a reproducible way, (b) comparing automatically and objectively ink samples and (c) evaluate the proposed methodology in forensic contexts.This report focuses on the last of the three stages of the research programme. The calibration and acquisition process and the mathematical comparison algorithms were described in previous papers [C. Neumann, P. Margot, New perspectives in the use of ink evidence in forensic science—Part I: Development of a quality assurance process for forensic ink analysis by HPTLC, Forensic Sci. Int. 185 (2009) 29–37; C. Neumann, P. Margot, New perspectives in the use of ink evidence in forensic science—Part II: Development and testing of mathematical algorithms for the automatic comparison of ink samples analysed by HPTLC, Forensic Sci. Int. 185 (2009) 38–50].In this paper, the benefits and challenges of the proposed concepts are tested in two forensic contexts: (1) ink identification and (2) ink evidential value assessment. The results show that different algorithms are better suited for different tasks. This research shows that it is possible to build digital ink libraries using the most commonly used ink analytical technique, i.e. high-performance thin layer chromatography, despite its reputation of lacking reproducibility. More importantly, it is possible to assign evidential value to ink evidence in a transparent way using a probabilistic model. It is therefore possible to move away from the traditional subjective approach, which is entirely based on experts’ opinion, and which is usually not very informative.While there is room for the improvement, this report demonstrates the significant gains obtained over the traditional subjective approach for the search of ink specimens in ink databases, and the interpretation of their evidential value.