中国食品安全规制政策的社会学习——以“馒头国标”为例

以"馒头国标"事件在我国引起的公众和媒体的热议为出发点,结合了政策学习和社会建构的理论,从政策学习的地方性即承认不同的行动者由于其不同的传统和利益对相同的政策学习范本有着不同的认知的角度,对我国传统食品行业通过标准化的形式进行食品安全规制的过程进行了分析。认为行动者对于标准的异质的地方性认知,导致了标准在形成之前、之中和之后所承载的社会功能发生了显著的变化;而这种偏离也最终背离了实现保护消费者食品安全的初衷,在标准的执行中也注定面临着一定的困难。结合行动者产生地方性认知的背景,认为,社会对于标准的片面认同来源于通过规制获得资源的计划经济的遗毒,以及"超一流企业做标准"口号下标准相关知识匮乏的延伸;结合案例进一步反思了对于政策学习的地方性的"忽略",以及对于标准的社会功能的"夸大"所可能造成的危险。     

促进企业技术创新的政策支持研究

企业技术创新能力是区域经济可持续快速发展的重要决定因素,实践证明:政府的宏观政策是促进企业技术创新的有效手段。政府可采用的政策手段包括财税政策、政府采购、信息服务、产学研合作、人才开发、法律法规等。     

浅论经济犯罪案件侦查中的主动进攻策略

目前,经济犯罪案件侦查工作中仍然存在着案源不足、侦查部门等案上门、侦查员依赖现成证据材料就案办案等问题,以至造成社会上许多经济犯罪案件不能及时发现和受到打击处理,这既妨碍了经济犯罪案件侦查部门职能的充分发挥,又使得部分经济犯罪活动得以逃脱法律制裁,对我国社会主义市场经济秩序的建立和完善造成很大不利。要解决以上问题,在经济犯罪案件侦查工作中实施主动进攻策略应当是一种选择。     

Commercial Diplomacy and Statecraft in the Context of Economic Reform: The Indian Experience

It is almost a decade since India began its economic reforms. Apart from the purely domestic economic objectives that the reforms were expected to achieve, there was a recognition that reform was imperative if India wanted to become an economic power of consequence within and beyond its region. This had important foreign policy implications. Official pronouncements reflected the concern that the balance of fiscal power as opposed to military power was the key factor in determining a country's international standing. This called for an integrated strategy to bring economic and foreign policies closer. The implementation of a vigorous foreign economic policy could not be undertaken without sharpening the commercial diplomatic tool. Indian foreign policy over the last decade has been grappling with this challenge. This article analyses the reorientation in Indian foreign policy, assesses the efforts undertaken so far to make commercial diplomacy viable and highlights the challenges that multi-layered diplomacy poses for a country like India.     

简析泰国皇家学术院在泰国标准语发展中的作用

泰语是泰国的标准语,泰国皇家学术院作为泰国在语言规划和语言政策方面最具权威性的官方研究机构,对泰语的发展起了重要作用,其地位相当于法国的法兰西学院和西班牙的塞万提斯学院。本文主要从泰语标准的规范、新词汇的认定、泰语的宣传和保护以及对国家语言政策的制定提供依据等方面简要分析泰国皇家学术院对泰语的发展所起的作用。     

Uncertainty at the EU's borders: narratives of EU external relations in the revised European Neighbourhood Policy towards the southern borderlands

This article analyses the role of narratives in European Union (EU) external relations in the revised European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and systematically explores how they operate in practice in the context of the EU's border management practices vis-à-vis the “southern borderlands”, in particular with respect to their inclusionary and exclusionary potential. Key EU documents and statements by EU agents, released throughout the first three years of Arab uprisings and pertaining to the revised ENP, will be subjected to a thorough examination which highlights four observations: first, in spite of the fact that the revised ENP is rooted in several narratives, some nevertheless dominate over others; second, the simultaneous presence of and recourse to different narratives contribute to an increase, rather than a decrease, of uncertainty in the EU's southern borderlands; third, despite a multitude of narratives which serve to legitimize EU action in the framework of the revised ENP, the latter perpetuates the logics of its predecessor by generating benefits mainly for the EU itself; fourth, that the first three years of the revised ENP have in practice demonstrated that an imbalance exists between on the one hand the original acceptance of the narratives by EU stakeholders and on the other hand their willingness to abide by them and fill them with life.     

工业4.0背景下德国应对3D打印技术的法政策学分析——兼论我国对3D打印技术的法政策路径选择

3D打印技术作为工业4.0中实现"智能生产"和"智能工厂"的方式,是促进我国制造业转型的重要路径。通过对德国政府应对3D打印技术发展所制订的科技政策和法律政策的分析,欲促进我国3D打印技术快速发展,提升我国3D打印产业的国际竞争力,首先,应通过制定和完善与3D打印有关的科技政策,引导科研资源和资本向3D打印产业分流;其次,应通过对现行相关法律的解释、归纳和演绎,寻求应对3D打印技术发展的法律适用的空间;此外,在政策的制定与法律适用的过程中,需要选择符合我国国情的3D打印技术保护标准和创新发展之路径。     

Congressional Activism in the Foreign Policy Arena: A Case Study of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide

This article analyzes congressional activism during an international crisis. Using the 1994 Rwandan genocide as a case, this study explores executive–congressional relations during a time when immediate policy responses are needed. A content analysis of policy statements made during committees, on the House floor, and on the Senate floor is used to investigate the specific policy ideas proposed by members of Congress. The models presented pay particular attention to the actions of Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) members, in relation to other more common predictors of congressional activism. In addition to the results for CBC members, other conclusions indicate that foreign policy leaders in Congress are international affairs policy experts without serious concerns of being defeated in their next election.     

政策理论：殊途与同归

文章认为,现代政策理论存在两个理论来源,即以政治学为背景的政策科学和以经济学为背景的经济政策学。两种政策理论虽然在学科特征、理论体系、研究方法和课程设置方面存在差异,但是随着政府公共政策干预的扩大和要求,两种政策理论出现互补融合趋势,这一趋势不仅弥补了各自理论的不足,丰富和完善政策理论,而且将从政策层面上为提高党和政府的执政能力提供理论指导。