上海世博交通需求分析与对策思考

上海世博交通需求的快速增长,增加了世博交通保障的难度。公安机关交通管理部门要借鉴国外先进经验,根据上海世博会客流特点,坚持可持续发展的理念,构建有效的世博交通体系。     

浅谈目前交通事故处理中的困惑和解决思路

道路交通事故是目前越来越引起公众关注的社会问题。许多国家通过制定交通法规来规范交通参与人的行为,保障交通安全。但在实际执法实践中,由于各方面的原因,公安交通管理部门对法规的实施出现了一些困惑。法定保障原则应考虑保障部门的利益问题,进一步完善通行规则和量化过错行为的划分依据,损害赔偿应当建立起赔偿与相应过错行为相对公平的赔偿体系。     

Predicting motor vehicle crash involvement from a personality measure and a driving knowledge test

Typically, safety‐related driver education programs are aimed at changing knowledge of vehicle operation rules and regulations. However, vehicle crashes are as likely to be related to driver personality variables as they are to the knowledge of vehicle operation and rules and regulations. In a study with 48 licensed drivers, crashes were found to be significantly correlated with conscientiousness, a five‐factor model personality dimension, but not with scores on a driving knowledge test. It would appear that prevention efforts should also be directed at changing conscientiousness‐related behaviors, including an emphasis on goal‐setting, and following rules and regulations.     

Creating a safer working environment through psychological assessment: A review of a measure of safety consciousness

This article explores how organizations can prevent workplace accidents through the psychological assessment of employees. We present a model of employee safety consciousness consisting of personality and attitudinal variables associated with a higher risk of accident involvement. A safety conscious employee is described as one who: has an internal locus of control in matters related to workplace safety, has a high tolerance for work‐related stress, and avoids engaging in high‐risk, sensation‐seeking activities. Relevant research is reviewed and applications of the safety consciousness construct to hiring, promotion and training are discussed.     

《道路交通安全法》中"交通事故"定义评析

关于道路交通事故的定义,《道路交通安全法》在《道路交通事故处理办法》的基础上作了修改.从法学和逻辑学的角度上分析,修改后的定义仍然存在着定义不准、概念不清等问题,影响到该法的准确实施.科学定义道路交通事故概念,首先要明确《道路交通安全法》的立法目的和法律特征,其次要明确道路交通事故概念构成的内在要件和外在要件,第三要遵从语词规则.     

再议交通事故认定行为的法律性质

对于交警部门在履行处理交通事故职责中作出的交通事故责任认定究竟为何属性,众说纷纭,因为它直接关系到当交通事故认定出现偏差时,可否司法审查进而有效地维护交通事故当事人的合法权益,监督交警部门依法履行职责,正确处理交通事故的问题。根据交通事故处理法律、法规的规定,交通事故认定行为的法律性质是具体行政行为。     

影响交通事故认定的因素分析

交通事故认定的客观、公正与否是由诸如证据收集、成因分析、当事人责任确定规则、认定程序、监督机制和警员素质等一系列因素决定的。为此,应强化取证意识、改善取证手段、提高取证能力;全面科学地掌握因果关系的基本理论和基本方法,提高科学地进行交通事故成因分析的能力;制定具体的有可操作性的《交通事故当事人责任确定规则》;强化程序意识,建立交通事故认定专家会诊等制度;建立包括交通事故案件审查、案卷抽查和评审以及责任追究等在内的监督机制;通过系统的职业化、专业化教育等措施,培养公正无私、业务精通的交通事故认定人员。     

Medical driver selection and alcohol

Due to the rapid development of motorisation in the past few decades, the epidemic of traffic injuries has become a serious problem. Numerous studies indicate that the human factor, often in connection with alcohol consumption, plays a major role in traffic accidents. Studies also show that people addicted to alcohol often drive under the influence and are not deterred by the possibility of punishment, e.g. a revocation of their driving licence.Our study examined people who caused traffic accidents under the influence of alcohol in Slovenia, the consequences of their actions, police and judicial measures and medical selection.In the last decade, the share of people causing traffic accidents under the influence of alcohol in Slovenia has been on the rise. Higher blood alcohol levels are found in people causing fatal traffic accidents, most of them are cyclists, pedestrians and tractor drivers, aged between 25 and 34; the accidents are most common on village roads, on weekends. The discrepancy between numbers of intoxicated drivers with suspended driving licences (approximately 8500/year) and between numbers of successfully terminated judicial procedures is particularly worrisome. When these drivers get their licences back, the medical selection process is inadequate.Our results emphasise the problem of medical selection for reinstatement of penalized drivers. The inadequate approach currently in force allows too many dangerous drivers, most still addicted to alcohol, to return to traffic without medical selection. The only solution to this problem is an immediate change in legislation that would require rigorous medical selection for all reinstatements of drivers who drove under the influence of alcohol. This would decrease the numbers of intoxicated drivers in traffic and at least partly decrease the numbers of alcohol addicts in society.     

世博会期间上海高架道理排堵保畅的对策

世博会期间,上海的人流和车流将达到前所未有的规模。公安机关交通管理部门应当通过建立大联动的勤务机制、实施分级管控、增加夜加岗执勤班次、增加电子警察、增加牵引力量等一系列措施,做好高架道路排堵保畅工作。     

重大责任事故罪过失危险犯探讨

近几年来各类重大责任事故频发,使得重大责任事故罪的研究成为关注的焦点。通过对国内外重大责任事故罪危害结果样态差异的比较研究,结合过失危险行为应否犯罪化的论证,建议在我国刑法中增设重大责任事故罪过失危险犯。增设重大责任事故罪过失危险犯,应当研究解决危险结果的认定、危险结果的范围、危险结果的危险构成等具体问题。