制造意外事件型杀人案件的侦查分析

制造意外事件型杀人案件就是行为人通过故意制造意外事件以杀害被害人的刑事案件的总称。该类案件具有极高的刑事案件假象特性,并有不同于其他相似杀人案件的特点,对该类案件的侦破难度相当大。因此,如何制定一套针对该类案件的策略与措施是急需解决的难题。     

美国道路交通管理的主要特点与借鉴意义

经过多年的努力,美国在道路交通管理方面取得了很多成功经验。这些成功经验对于我国的道路交通管理工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

The verdict is in: how did they decide? Using drivers’ self-reported data to understand officers’ decision making during traffic stop encounters

ABSTRACT

In the United States, traffic stop is the most common form of police-citizen encounter, and for many citizens, it is the only way they will ever interact with the police. The frequency of traffic stop encounters has therefore attracted a significant research interest. In the past several years, researchers have attempted to explain the dynamics of these interactions, with the hope to change attitudes and influence policy formation. To supplement the efforts of previous researchers, the current effort analyzed self-reported data from citizens to understand police decision making at three decision points during traffic stop encounters. Specifically, the present study aims to answer three questions: what variables predict whether an officer will let a citizen go without doing anything or decide to do something? If the officer decides to do something, what influences the officer’s decision to choose an outcome over others? What are the drivers of use of force in traffic stop encounters? Results from the regression models suggest that reasons for the stop, verbal assault, officer and suspect characteristics are important predictors of police decision making behavior during traffic stop interaction. The findings have serious implications for developing better police-citizen relationships as well as improving public attitudes toward the local police.     

农村道路交通事故之科学预防

农村道路交通参与者安全意识淡薄,缺乏必要的交通安全知识,人、车、路、环境及信息等要素不协调,是农村交通事故高发、致死率较高的重要原因。科学预防农村道路交通事故,需要重视交通安全文化建设,提高参与者素质、改善交通环境;充分发挥各级政府的宏观调控作用,构建农村道路交通安全社会化管理体系;完善农村道路交通安全管理日常工作制度,建立标本兼治的长效管理机制。     

Driving and the combined use of drugs and alcohol in The Netherlands

The extent and nature of the use of medicinal drugs by drivers who had undergone a blood test on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol was ascertained by analysing some 40,000 case records in which the suspect had been questioned about the use of drugs. No chemical analyses were performed. 9.7% of the road users indicated that they used drugs in combination with alcohol, and more than 50% of the drugs used must be considered to have a negative impact on driving performance. The influence of the combined use of benzodiazepines and alcohol on behaviour was also investigated. The finding here was that drivers using these drugs should be warned against the consumption of alcohol.     

Use of drugs of abuse in less than 30-year-old drivers killed in a road crash in France: A spectacular increase for cannabis, cocaine and amphetamines

A collaborative study was conducted in France in order to determine the prevalence of cannabinoids, opiates, cocaine metabolites and amphetamines in blood samples from drivers killed in road accidents in 2003 and 2004 and to compare these values with those of a previous study performed during the period 2000–2001 involving 900 drivers. Blood samples were provided from 2003 under 30-year-old drivers, killed in a traffic accident. Drugs of abuse were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using the same analytical procedures in all the 12 laboratories.The most frequently observed compounds were by far cannabinoids, that tested positive in 39.6% of the total number of samples. Δ⁹ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most active of the principle constituents in marijuana (cannabis sativa), was detected in the blood of 28.9% drivers and was the single drug of abuse in 80.2% of the positive cases. It was associated with amphetamines in 7.4% and with opiates and cocaine in 1.9 and 4.8%, respectively. Amphetamines were present in 3.1% of the total number of samples, cocaine metabolites in 3.0% and opiates in 3.5%.When comparing these results with those of a previous study performed 3 years before, a significant increase is observed for THC (28.9% versus 16.9%), cocaine metabolites (3.0% versus 0.2%) and amphetamines (3.1% versus 1.4%).This study demonstrates the critical necessity of implementing in France as soon as possible systematical roadside testing for drugs of abuse.     

交通肇事罪若干问题探索——基于对一个案例的分析

交通肇事罪是行政犯罪,必须以行为违反行政法律、承担行政责任为前提。行为人构成交通肇事罪除了承担行政责任外,还需要具备其他条件。执法部门在适用刑法第133条“交通运输肇事后逃选”规定时,必须注意交通事故责任认定的“逃逸”与刑法意义的“逃逸”是两种本质不同的行为,同时不能违反“同一行为禁止重复评价”的原则。     

吸毒驾驶相关立法现状及完善建议

吸毒后驾驶行为（简称毒驾行为）是指非医疗目的服用国家管制的精神药品和麻醉药品后（查获时毒品检测呈阳性）驾驶机动车的行为^[1]。当前,我国因毒驾导致的各种问题正逐渐显现并呈愈演愈烈之势,社会焦虑感日益增强,严重威胁着道路交通安全和社会和谐稳定。我国关于毒驾的法律法规尚不完善,“毒驾入刑”仍在论证中,具体的处理程序、法律责任等尚不明确。本文就我国吸毒后驾驶相关的立法现状给予总结,并借鉴我国酒驾相关立法的规定,科学分析我国毒驾相关立法完善的难点,并提出有针对性的立法建议。     

脑外伤所致精神障碍伤残鉴定时机

目的研究脑外伤所致精神障碍伤残相对合理准确的最佳鉴定时机。方法对93例交通事故脑外伤所致精神障碍患者进行伤残鉴定及随访调查,在伤后不同时间段（3、6、9、12月）分别收集患者颅脑影像学、脑电图及详细病史资料,并对患者家属进行调查和对患者进行精神检查及智力量表（Wechsler Intellegence Scale for Adult,WAIS）、社会功能缺陷筛选量表（Social Disability Screening Schedule,SDSS）和日常生活能力量表（Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL）测验,据此进行诊断及评残。结果ADL、SDSS对不同等级伤残及不同时间段区分良好,整体样本显示患者ADL、SDSS平均值9月与12月无差别。轻度伤残ADL、SDSS平均值6、9、12月无差别,中度伤残ADL、SDSS平均值9月与12月无差别,重度伤残ADL平均值6、9、12月无差别。结论脑外伤所致精神障碍伤残鉴定轻度伤残以伤后6个月评定为宜,中度伤残以伤后9个月评定为宜,重度伤残统计结论显示评残时机为伤后6个月,但综合分析认为重度伤残以伤后9个月评定为宜。