论绑架罪的既遂标准

关于绑架罪的既遂标准，理论界存在“犯罪目的实现说”、“目的行为完成说”与“绑架行为完成说”的分歧。因为犯罪既遂的判断应以“构成要件说”为准，而绑架罪在客观方面又只需具有绑架他人的单一行为，所以绑架罪既遂的标准应是绑架行为的完成。     

Effect of Gas Chromatography Temperature Program on the Association and Discrimination of Diesel Samples*†

Abstract: Five diesel samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) using six GC temperature programs, aiming to investigate the effect of temperature program on association and discrimination of the samples. Temperature programs varied by ramp rate and incorporated one‐ or two‐step temperature ramps. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients and principal components analysis were used to evaluate differences in discrimination among the diesel samples afforded by each temperature program, based on the total ion chromatogram (TIC) and selected extracted ion profiles (EIPs). Association of diesel replicates and discrimination among samples based on the TIC and aromatic EIP were similar for all temperature programs based on scores plots. The alkane EIP was not useful in discriminating samples regardless of temperature program, because of similar alkane content of the diesel samples. The association and discrimination of diesel samples was largely unaffected by temperature programs that incorporated one‐ or two‐step temperature ramps.     

我国未来犯罪构成体系建构亟待澄清的关系范畴

兴起于21世纪初的犯罪构成体系研究开启了我国刑法学界难得一见的学术论争。但这一论争过程由于缺乏对一些基本关系范畴的统一认识,从而呈现出较大的随意性。这些基本的关系范畴主要表现为：犯罪构成与犯罪概念之间的关系,以及犯罪构成与犯罪构成要件之间的功能关系。我国通说关于这两大基本关系范畴的解说有待商榷,在犯罪构成与犯罪概念之间二者并不是本质与现象、反映与被反映的关系,而是一种对同一对象的不同表述关系;在犯罪构成与犯罪构成要件之间也不是一种整体与部分的关系,二者的应然功能应有所不同：前者是“认定犯罪”,后者是“罪之法定”。因此,如果一定要在犯罪构成与犯罪构成要件之间寻找某种联系,则可以通过将“罪状”的概念引入犯罪构成理论中,从而通过罪状将二者联系起来。     

Visualization of Latent Fingerprint Corrosion of Brass

Abstract:  Visualization of latent fingerprint deposits on metals by enhancing the fingerprint-induced corrosion is now an established technique. However, the corrosion mechanism itself is less well understood. Here, we describe the apparatus constructed to measure the spatial variation (Δ V ) in applied potential ( V ) over the surface of brass disks corroded by latent fingerprint deposits. Measurement of Δ V for potential of 1400 V has enabled visualization of fingerprint ridges and characteristics in terms of this potential difference with Δ V typically of a few volts. This visualization is consistent with the formation of a Schottky barrier at the brass-corrosion product junction. Measurement of the work function of the corroded brass of up to 4.87 ± 0.03 eV supports previous results that suggested that the corrosion product is composed of p-type copper oxides. A model for the galvanic corrosion of brass by ionic salts present in fingerprint deposits is proposed that is consistent with these experimental results.     

Effect of Extraction Procedure and Gas Chromatography Temperature Program on Discrimination of MDMA Exhibits

Analysis of impurities in seized MDMA tablets can be used to determine the synthesis method used and to identify links among exhibits. However, no standardized method exists to generate impurity profiles, limiting comparisons among different laboratories. This research investigated the effect of extraction procedure and gas chromatography temperature program on the resulting impurity profiles. Five exhibits were extracted using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME), then analyzed using two different temperature programs. Profiles were statistically assessed using principal components analysis. While LLE was more reproducible, more compounds were extracted using HS‐SPME, thus providing more informative chemical profiles. The longer temperature program (53 min vs. 36 min) allowed greater discrimination of exhibits, due to improved precision as a result of an extended hold time (12 min). This research further highlights the need for standardized extraction and analysis procedures to allow comparison of chemical profiles generated in different laboratories.     

Association of Ignitable Liquid Residues to Neat Ignitable Liquids in the Presence of Matrix Interferences Using Chemometric Procedures*,†

Abstract: In fire debris analysis, weathering of ignitable liquids and matrix interferences can make the identification of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) difficult. An objective method was developed to associate ILRs with the corresponding neat liquid with discrimination from matrix interferences using principal components analysis (PCA) and Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) coefficients. Six ignitable liquids (gasoline, diesel, ultra pure paraffin lamp oil, adhesive remover, torch fuel, paint thinner) were spiked onto carpet, which was burned, then extracted using passive headspace extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Both light and heavy burn conditions were investigated. In the PCA scores plot, ignitable liquids were discriminated based on alkane and aromatic content. All ILRs were successfully associated with the corresponding neat liquid using both PCA and PPMC coefficients, regardless of the extent of burning. The method developed in this research may make the association of ILRs with corresponding neat liquids more objective.     

齿贝栓菌的化学成分

目的 研究齿贝栓菌(Trametes cervina (Schw.) Bres)发酵液的化学成分.方法 齿贝栓菌发酵液的乙酸乙酯部位经硅胶、Rp-18、Sephadex LH-20等多种材料进行分离,波谱学鉴定化合物的化学结构.结果分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为二甲异咯嗪(1)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β...