刑事立法语言之技术特点

刑事立法语言具有立法语言的一般共性 ,要求准确、明确、通俗、简约、庄重及严谨。但刑事立法语言又具有自己的特殊性 ,其区别于其它立法语言的技术特点是 :第一 ,刑事立法语言突出表现罪刑关系 ;第二 ,刑事立法语言以明确性为主 ,兼顾弹力性 ;第三 ,刑法用语的专门性、专业性 ;最后 ,刑事立法语言中句式的特定性。     

论宪法权利的实现模式

随着中国法治化进程的推进 ,人们的宪法权利意识越来越强。遗憾的是 ,现有的宪法权利保障模式并不能从根本上保障公民宪法权利的充分实现。因此 ,建立宪法诉讼应该成为保障宪法权利的必由之路。     

依法行政的难点及其对策初探

本文明确了依法行政在依法治国中的重要地位。从立法现状、行政干预、执法主体和执法监督等方面分析了依法行政在现阶段面临的制约因素和障碍,建议通过加强立法宣传、完善立法体系和立法监督机制、强化执法监督、提高执法人员素质等措施以更好地推进依法行政。     

是“监督”，还是“维护和监督”——行政诉讼法立法宗旨浅析

我国行政诉讼法的立法宗旨应该是人民法院、行政相对人与行政主体三者参加行政诉讼的目的之和,然而行政主体参加诉讼是被动的,再加上行政行为的效力先定性及"行政行为不停止执行原则"的存在,使得行政诉讼的胜诉对行政主体来讲并无多大实质性意义.所以,"监督行政机关依法行使职权"而不是"维护和监督行政机关依法行使职权",才是我国行政诉讼法的立法宗旨之一.考察行政诉讼法的立法宗旨不能从行政诉讼判决的形式去考察,而应考察行政诉讼的理论基础、最根本目的、行政行为的效力及我国行政诉讼制度所面临的加入WTO这样的新的历史环境.只有对这些因素进行综合权衡的基础上,我们才能得出正确的结论.     

论侵权责任法规定行政侵权责任的必要性

行政侵权与一般民事侵权是两种不同的侵权,行政侵权责任是在公法领域中发生的私法责任。法院在审判实践中处理行政侵权案件时,应当优先适用国家赔偿法的有关规定;国家赔偿法无规定时则适用一般法,也就是适用侵权责任法的规定。民事法律规范在行政赔偿问题上的继续适用有内在的合理性;侵权责任法草案对行政侵权责任做出原则性的规定,符合我国的立法传统。因此,将来的侵权责任法规定行政侵权责任是必要的,也是可行的。     

The paradox of policy analysis: If it is not used,why do we produce so much of it?

This article explores the apparent paradox that our society invests heavily in policy analysis when empirical studies, political science theory, and common wisdom all suggest that analysis is not used by policymakers to make better policy decisions. It offers a critique of the traditional view of policy analysis and presents an alternative view derived from contemporary literature on the policy process and decisionmaking. The alternative view suggests that there are legitimate uses for analysis other than the problem‐solving use originally envisioned but apparently rarely attained. The two views imply different patterns of use of analysis by legislative committees—a contrast that I subject to an empirical test. An examination of quantitative data on policy analysis use by congressional committees from 1985 to 1994 lends support for the alternative view. The research has two implications. First, despite its scientific origins, policy analysis may be a more effective instrument of the democratic process than of the problem‐solving process. Second, the profession of policy analysis may be in better shape than many who are calling for fundamental changes to its practice seem to believe. © 1999 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

论行政诉讼缺席判决制度的目的、功能和司法理想

改造完善行政诉讼缺席判决制度必须解决的三个基本理论问题:行政诉讼缺席判决制度的目的、功能和司法理想。缺席判决制度的设立目的是为人民法院在缺席行政案件审理中运用审判权提供程序保障,维护法律尤其是司法的尊严;缺席判决制度的功能应当是控制缺席情形的发生,保障诉讼当事人的合法权利,保证司法审查权通过诉讼程序得到实现;理想的缺席判决制度应当是能为当事人所理解的具有正当性和高效性的制度。     

Legislative Twitter Style: Electoral Vulnerability,Social Media,and Constituency-Building in Large Multimember Electoral Systems

How do legislators use social media to cultivate their constituencies in large multimember electoral districts? Colombia's Senate nationwide district offers a suitable case to examine how lawmakers, through their behaviour on Twitter, geographically target their audiences. We employ microblog user geolocation methods which infer locations using textual content in order to identify where Colombian senators' Twitter ‘home’ is. We find that senators' location targeting on Twitter largely mirrors the geographical distribution of their votes. Deviations from that pattern mostly stem from their vulnerability to intraparty competition and the nature of their parties' organisation.     

Changes in the Rules of the Lawmaking Process and the Success of Presidential Bills: Chile, 1990–2018

This article assesses the effect of changes in the lawmaking process on the success of the president’s legislative agenda, distinguishing between within-term success (bills that passed during the term) and overall success (including bills that passed after the president left office). With the 2064 presidential bills introduced in seven terms (1990–2018) in Chile’s presidential system, we assess the impact of changes in lawmaking rules on within-term (59.9%) and overall success (70.6%). Changes that decrease attributions of the president and create more opportunities for executive-legislative bargaining—including concurrent elections—increase the chances of success of presidential bills. The use of presidential urgency motions, an agenda-setting tool, makes bills more likely to pass, but the issuance of many urgency motions undermines the bill’s chances to succeed. Presidential bills introduced early in the term and those on issues where there is more policy convergence are more likely to pass.     

第三人利益的保护——善意取得还是无因性原则

我国正在制定的《物权法》,在第三人利益保护的问题上 ,存在着适用善意取得制度或物权无因性原则两种观点的争论。本文认为 ,善意取得制度更能体现法的正义性 ,也更切合我国的国情 ,所以应是我国立法的选择。但善意取得制度应吸取无因性原则的优点 ,对善意的认定应采用客观推定的办法。本文同时提出了其他方面完善的措施。