DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

Recent studies point to the potential theoretical and practical benefits of focusing police resources on crime hot spots. However, many scholars have noted that such approaches risk displacing crime or disorder to other places where programs are not in place. Although much attention has been paid to the idea of displacement, methodological problems associated with measuring it have often been overlooked. We try to fill these gaps in measurement and understanding of displacement and the related phenomenon of diffusion of crime control benefits. Our main focus is on immediate spatial displacement or diffusion of crime to areas near the targeted sites of an intervention. Do focused crime prevention efforts at places simply result in a movement of offenders to areas nearby targeted sites—“do they simply move crime around the corner”? Or, conversely, will a crime prevention effort focusing on specific places lead to improvement in areas nearby—what has come to be termed a diffusion of crime control benefits? Our data are drawn from a controlled study of displacement and diffusion in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two sites with substantial street‐level crime and disorder were targeted and carefully monitored during an experimental period. Two neighboring areas were selected as “catchment areas” from which to assess immediate spatial displacement or diffusion. Intensive police interventions were applied to each target site but not to the catchment areas. More than 6,000 20‐minute social observations were conducted in the target and catchment areas. They were supplemented by interviews and ethnographic field observations. Our findings indicate that, at least for crime markets involving drugs and prostitution, crime does not simply move around the corner. Indeed, this study supports the position that the most likely outcome of such focused crime prevention efforts is a diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas.     

社会危害性在犯罪构成理论中的地位探析

目前在刑法学界存在着社会危害性理论备受指责的现象,有的学者甚至认为应将社会危害性逐出我国的犯罪构成理论。这是不科学的。我们应该运用立体动态思维的方式正确分析犯罪概念、犯罪构成与罪刑法定主义的关系,不但要保留社会危害性的地位,更重要的是将其明确作为一个独立的犯罪成立的条件,这样才是对传统犯罪构成理论批判性的发展。     

民事诉讼协同主义:在理想和现实之间

民事诉讼协同主义,是由当事人的真实义务和法院的阐明权(义务)等一系列诉讼义务构成的理想化的诉讼图景。协同主义的基础条件是民事诉讼制度的社会化、福利化,通过适当扩大法院职权,修正、补充辩论主义。协同主义并非是一种独立的诉讼模式,而是协调各方诉讼行为的一种诉讼理想,其作用在于协调法院、当事人和其他诉讼参与人之间的整体关系。在我国构建协同主义,必须兼顾其周边制度要素。     

关于行政补偿相关问题的思考

行政补偿制是现代法治国家极其重要的一项法律制度,对于规范政府权力和保障公民权利意义重大。目前我国关于行政补偿的规定过于分散,缺乏一部统一的行政补偿基本法。因此,科学界定行政补偿的概念、探讨行政补偿制度产生的理论基础和作用、分析我国现行行政补偿制度的缺陷,是构建我国行政补偿制度首先应当思考的问题。     

论刑事案件的新闻报道原则

刑事工作和对刑事案件开展的新闻报道构成对立统一的辩证关系,为了建立两者的和谐良性互动,应从价值、真实标准、控制力量、信息、程序等方面对两者进行比较分析。在以马列主义等科学哲理和依法治国目标等为主要内容的指导思想指引下,新闻工作应避免与前者消极的冲突,寻找共赢的互补,坚持"三个有利于"的标准选择案件进行报道,遵守合法、平衡和全程、无罪推定、追求客观真实,尊重法律真实等原则。     

合同相对性原则突破的原因及价值分析

合同相对性原则曾一度被认为是合同制度和规则的奠基石,在合同法中具有十分重要的地位。但自20世纪以来,随着社会经济的发展和交易的日益频繁,各国立法及司法实践基于现实的考虑,在承认相对性原则的前提下,对该原则进行了适当地突破。但突破的原因何在?有何意义?本文作者正是从这些方面对此问题进行了深入分析。     

制作并出售网游外挂应当构成犯罪

对于制作并出售网游外挂的行为,无罪说所持的大前提并不准确——相对的罪刑法定原则提倡刑法解释;"有利于被告人"原则不能成为刑法解释中的霸王条款;和谐社会强调的也不是一味的刑法谦抑而是宽严相济——因而不应为我们所采纳。该行为符合犯罪特征,应当予以刑事规制。     

立法动议权新探

立法动议是向有立法权限的立法主体提出有关制定、修改或废止某项立法性文件的立法申请,立法动议权是立法权范围内的权利,是不特定主体的权利,是不一定产生对应后果的权利,是受法律保护的权利。立法动议权是立法模式转换、经济利益多元化、民主参与以及公众社会利益实现的必然。从主体、范围、实体规则、程序规则以及权利的具体实施几个角度探讨立法动议权的范畴与法律保护问题。     

Conception and the Irrelevance of the Welfare Principle

This article challenges the assumption that their future children's welfare is a relevant consideration when deciding whether to provide a person with assisted conception services. It does not argue that infertility treatment ought to be available as of right. Rather, this article's proposal is that section 13(5) – which specifies that no-one shall receive assistance with conception unless account has first been taken of the welfare of any child who might be born – should be deleted from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. Extending the 'welfare principle' to decisions taken prior to a child's conception is shown to be unjust, meaningless and inconsistent with existing legal principle.     

论社会治安防控体系建设

构建社会治安防控体系是一个全新的课题。本文系统论述了社会治安防控体系的概念与基本特征;分析了社会治安防控体系产生的时代背景;提出了社会治安防控体系建设的总体目标:论证了社会治安防控体系建设的基本原理;阐述了当前公安机关构建社会治安防控体系应重点解决的问题。