司法鉴定制度改革的基本思路

司法鉴定制度基于鉴定结论证明案件事实的证据功能而产生。鉴定结论作为鉴定人的判断更需要制度控制和程序检测。然而,我国的司法鉴定制度未能较好地完成这一任务,即使进行了相应改革,改革后的司法鉴定制度仍未能发挥应有的作用。深化司法鉴定制度改革应当以鉴定结论的证据性质、功能及其应然性作为基础,建立具有保障鉴定结论可信性功能的鉴定制度和具有检测鉴定结论可靠性功能的诉讼程序,以使司法鉴定制度能够满足诉讼证明的高标准要求。     

可信质量理论与公安高等教育质量评价

质量信息的模糊性、专业人才培养目标的可实现性,以及高等教育质量评价的可信性是高等教育质量理论与实践研究的关键。本文采用系统属性协同对比方法,提出了高等教育可信质量的概念,并建立了高等教育可信质量评价体系。研究表明,高等教育人才培养的一般质量是一种有用性质量;专门人才培养质量是一种性能质量;专门合格人才培养质量是一种效能质量。可信质量的意义在于将教育质量的性能转换为教育质量的效能,从而实现了高等教育人才培养多目标协同目的。通过对公安高等教育的实际应用分析,得出我国公安高等教育可信质量为一般水平,必须改进教育模式、进行专业结构的优化设计,才能从根本上提高公安高等教育的可信质量,从而加快公安高等教育的发展。     

Public Inquiry Methods,Processes and Outputs: an Epistemological Critique

Public inquiries are an important phenomenon in modern British society, often used to address controversial or difficult issues of major concern to policy makers, the media and the public. Although people often comment adversely on how costly inquiries are and how long they take, inquiry methods are rarely discussed, let alone critiqued or challenged. However, from a social sciences perspective, inquiry methods, processes and outputs are often at odds with accepted standards for research methods. This paper discusses this divergence and the implications for how we should regard the inquiry as a way of knowing, or learning.     

如何建立我国鉴定结论采纳规则——以美国专家证言判断标准为参照

在我国司法实践中法官不够重视对鉴定结论的可靠性进行实质审查。美国专家证言采纳规则的先进性启示我们有必要对我国鉴定结论的审查认证进行反思。确立我国鉴定结论的采纳规则,尤其是确立鉴定结论可靠性的采纳规则,有助于防止某些伪科学进入法庭,防止法官滥用自由裁量权,从而对正确认证鉴定结论起到积极的推动作用。     

Development and testing of a comprehensive ageing problem scale for community-living older adults in South Korea

This study was undertaken to develop and validate an instrument for gerontological policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to comprehensively assess the nature and severity of problems experienced by older adults. The Comprehensive Ageing Problem Scale (CAPS) for older adults living in the community was created as a reliable and valid instrument that is easy to use. A cross-sectional strategy was utilized, in which a total sample of 1060 older South Korean adults was selected (through a proportionate random-stratified sampling method) from four regions nationwide. The psychometric properties of the instrument were verified using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To achieve cross-validity, the total sample was randomly divided into two groups. The first group (for the EFA) was employed to identify the factor structure of the initial scale. The second group (for the CFA) was used to confirm the factor structure of the revised scale with the first group. The final version of the 19-item CAPS with four factors showed good internal consistency and a CFA confirmed the acceptability of the model fit.     

指纹鉴定人员对现场指印认知能力的研究

指纹鉴定主要是解决检材指印与样本指印是否为同一人所遗留问题,其鉴定意见是法定证据形式之一,关系着被检验对象是否有犯罪嫌疑,责任重大。指纹鉴定人员根据指纹鉴定方法与标准,结合从业经验对指印进行分析与比较,并最终给出鉴定意见,在此过程中,对现场指印的分析是否客观及准确,直接影响后续比对检验、综合评断及得出的意见。本文重点针对指纹鉴定人员在指印分析阶段的细节特征选择、信息判断等问题进行研究,邀请106家指纹鉴定机构参加4组指纹的测试,实验使用一款基于网络的指纹鉴定分析系统,记录每个机构在指纹鉴定中的工作过程,并使用统计学R软件对实验数据进行统计与分析。实验结果显示,不同的指纹鉴定机构之间做出判断与评估的准确性存在一定的差异,指纹鉴定人员点取特征的稳定性、选取特征的数量与现场手印质量之间存在显著关联。