谈当代大学生心理健康的环境要求

当前大学生的心理状况复杂多变 ,缺乏稳定性 ,主要存在心理不适应、自我封闭、自我逃避和性心理障碍等问题。产生这些心理问题的环境因素 ,既包括大学生自身的因素 ,也包括社会的和学习的、生活的因素。解决这些问题的途径 ,在于创造良好的心理环境 ,建立科学的预测系统 ,完善心理服务的机构和机制。     

从公共卫生三级预防看犯罪预防的理论体系

借鉴公共卫生领域的“三级预防理论” ,西方学者构建了“犯罪预防三级模式” ,并发展成为当今美国预防犯罪的主导体系之一。“非典”与禽流感肆虐中国后 ,人们将更多的目光和精力聚焦在公共领域 ,在合理吸收防治“非典”等疫病的宝贵经验的基础上 ,对犯罪这一社会“痼疾”进行更为有效的防治 ,必将进一步推动我国犯罪预防理论体系的发展和完善     

Qualitative Differences Among Rural and Urban Intimate Violence Victimization Experiences and Consequences: A Pilot Study

Relatively little is known about rural women's intimate violence experiences in comparison to urban women's experiences, partly because of the difficulty in accessing rural women. This pilot study used a protective order sample of 23 women (15 urban and 8 rural), which provides an access point that is relatively similar for comparisons across rural and urban areas. The number of participants is low and, therefore, results are preliminary. However, several significant findings emerged. Rural women reported significantly less social support, less education, less income, more physical abuse in the preceding year, more childhood physical and sexual abuse, and worse overall health and mental health, as well as encountering abuse earlier in the relationship. Both groups reported higher rates of illegal drug and cigarette use than those among the general population. The findings highlight some overall important themes in examining rural and urban intimate violence victims by suggesting that rural and urban intimate violence victims have different victimization experiences and service needs. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.     

农村留守儿童的心理健康:一个生态学的视角

农村留守儿童的心理健康是人们关注农民工问题的一个视角。性格缺陷与行为偏差、人生观与价值观偏移等是留守儿童常见的心理健康问题。社会工作生态学理论强调“环境中的人”的理念,其中的“社会环境”、“事件与能量”、“适应与应对”、“互相依赖”等理论视角对留守儿童心理健康问题产生的原因提供了解释。同时,以生态学理论为依据,社会工作在应对问题的策略选择上,也更注重学校、社区、社会政策等环境因素的不断改善以适应留守儿童健康成长的需要。     

当代大学生心理问题及教育对策

影响大学生心理健康的因素主要包括:环境变迁、学业期望、人际关系、自我认知、生活事件、家庭环境、网络因素等。我们要针对这些因素采取相应的教育对策。     

论刑事警察的心理健康

根据心理健康的生理、心理和社会模式,结合刑事侦查工作的职业特点,刑事警察的心理健康标准应归结为以下八条:身体健康;智力超常;客观地认识和评价自己;具有较强的社会适应能力;善于处理人际关系;成就动机强;情绪稳定;其他与刑侦工作相匹配的心理品质。     

高校教职工心理健康工作探讨

根据当前高等学校教职工的身心健康状况,开展高校教职工的心理健康工作是十分必要的。为了搞好高校教职工的心理健康工作,应明确高校教职工心理健康工作的理念模式和实践策略,并且要了解工作中应注意的问题。     

福建在押未成年犯健康状况及影响因素分析

以福建省未成年管教所14~16周岁在押未成年犯为研究对象,通过文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、统计法等,对其身体健康状况进行分析,家庭教育的缺失是造成他们思想和行为"叛逆"的最主要原因,而家长与孩子之间的平等交流太少,没有给孩子倾诉自己心声的机会,一些孩子沉迷网络游戏、崇尚血腥暴力、甚至感染了"黄色病毒",网络上充斥的"暴力"、"色情"和"为朋友赴汤蹈火,为哥们两肋插刀"的心态在少年犯罪中尤为突出。因此,14~16周岁是一个人健康成长的关键期,如何使他们身体健康、心理健康还能具备良好的社会适应能力应该引起家长、学校、社会的高度重视。     

从国际法角度论多边贸易自由化与国内公共健康政策的冲突和协调

WTO成员以公共健康为口号发起的贸易限制措施与各国在WTO下的贸易自由化的义务存在着冲突。GATT/WTO的有关规则和实践显示出多边贸易体制对国内公共健康政策的态度从“忽视”到“有条件肯定”的演变过程。具体来说,GATT时期的规则和争端解决实践不利于国内公共健康政策的实施,而WTO时期出现了有利于国内公共健康政策实施的变化。在WTO现行体制下,各国在实施为公共健康目标的贸易措施时,应符合特定目标的合法性、目标与手段的一致性、目标与手段的相称性等一般要求和相关的具体要求。     

Sanctioning risky life-styles: Attitudes toward solidarity or equitable distribution of health care

Rising costs of medical care and increasing knowledge about behavior-related health risks favor the use of the equity principle in health care allocation. This paper deals with attitudes to the question of whether or not one's payments should be contingent upon the risks one takes. From an explorative analysis of arguments espoused by letter writers from a Dutch health magazine, it becomes apparent that equity plays a major role in the respondents' views of the distribution of health care facilities. Next, the role of attribution in adopting attitudes toward risky life-styles is studied on the basis of a survey using a representative sample of Dutch households. Beliefs about the individual ability to influence health have no effect on risk solidarity, whereas beliefs about the proper amount of effort to avoid health risks do have an effect.