A best practice model for e-consumer protection

This article outlines a set of criteria for assessing the value of e-consumer protection schemes. It is intended that it be used as a tool, for policy-makers, industry associations, corporations and consumer organisations in all jurisdictions, seeking to assess the appropriateness of their consumer protection regulation. It can be used to devise new, or improve existing, policies, and it can also be used to compare the usefulness of e-consumer protection in different jurisdictions. It commences with a brief review of existing frameworks for the protection of e-consumers, which demonstrates the need for a model that uncompromisingly presents the needs of consumers. An overview of the model is provided, followed by a presentation of the model's key features. A further section identifies the several ways in which the model can be applied in order to improve the usefulness of e-consumer protection. An earlier version of the model was published in checklist form (Clarke R. ‘A Major Impediment to B2C Success is … the Concept 'B2C' Invited Keynote, Proc. ICEC'06, Fredericton NB, Canada, 14–16 August 2006, at http://www.rogerclarke.com/EC/ICEC06.html#TNT). The present article revises and expands that checklist, and presents the rationale underlying each item in it.     

电子商务犯罪的表现、原因及防范对策

随着电子商务的发展,电子商务犯罪也成为犯罪学、刑法学界关注的一个热点问题.本文主要从犯罪学角度对电子商务犯罪现象做了分析,认为电子商务犯罪在犯罪主体方面、给社会造成的危害方面及被处理方面都有自己的表现形式;电子商务交易对"安全性"的特别要求、买卖交易模式的变化、信息管理不严、金融电子化风险、税收制度滞后等构成了电子商务犯罪产生的原因;刑法手段、刑法外法律手段及其他手段构成了防范电子商务犯罪的对策.     

Revisiting country of origin principle: Challenges related to regulating e-commerce in the European Union

The article analyses the country of origin principle of information society services in the light of harmonisation and unification efforts undertaken by the European lawgiver. Although the country of origin principle remains the key element of the construction of freedom to provide information society services, the principle itself suffers a number of both explicit and implicit restrictions which render its practical application a serious challenge. The difficulty is posed by the fact that the Electronic Commerce Directive fails to expressly specify both the scope of harmonisation as regards the principle, and the level of harmonisation of the directive itself. Furthermore, it is understood differently by private international lawyers. In the eDate Advertising case the ECJ ruled that the principle is not a conflict-of-laws rule, neither does it require implementation to the national legal systems in this shape. This is not to mean, however, that the debate over the function of the country of origin principle in private international law is over. Last but not least, there are many different types of country of origin principles applicable to various types of services provided via the Internet. This multitude of country of origin principles is perhaps the greatest weakness the regulatory approach adopted by the European lawmaker.     

论我国电子商务安全立法的四种规范

国际上没有一个国家能够确保电子商务活动的安全,我国对网络及网上交易的立法也不完善。但人们一般都混淆系统及网络管理规定与电子商务安全规范的概念,认为我国已经建立起完备的电子商务安全法律体系。本文对此提出质疑,并在分析我国电子商务发展及立法状况的基础上,论述了电子商务安全立法在运作、认证、结算及法律责任等方面的四种规范,提出了相应的改进意见。