德国城市轨道交通概述——德国考察观感

介绍了德国城市轨道交通系统、售检票系统、德国交通以人为本的原则以及德国人的时间观念.     

‘Dead men walking?’ Party identification in Germany, 1977–2002

Scholars engaged in the discourse on ‘Parteienverdrossenheit’ claim that a breakdown of party attachments in West Germany occurred during the early 1990s. Employing data from a series of monthly polls that were conducted from 1977 to 2002, this paper demonstrates that the notion of such a rapid decline is wrong. Rather than being swept away by political crises, party identification declines slowly and fairly constantly over time, which is in line with theories of a secular dealignment. Furthermore, it can be shown that this dealignment is driven by a weakening of traditional social ties, while cognitive mobilization and change in the composition of the society have no effect on partisanship. The decline is most pronounced among the working class.     

德国政府对中小企业的扶持举措

联邦德国大量中小企业的存在与竞争 ,为其国民经济带来了活力和效率。与此同时 ,中小企业又有许多大企业没有的困难。为此 ,德国政府制定了中小企业政策及措施。德国中小企业政策涉及诸多领域 ,举措分为直接扶持和间接扶持两种方式 ,本文重点介绍形式多样的直接扶持方式。     

美国、德国隐私权宪法保护比较研究

美国和德国是世界上隐私权宪法保护比较成熟的国家,但是由于历史文化和法律传统的不同,两国隐私权的宪法保护在基本理念、具体含义、宪法保护方式和保护效力方面存在着很大的不同,比较研究两国隐私权的宪法保护对于我国隐私权的宪法保护的完善有借鉴意义。     

When Investors Enjoy Less Policy Risk: Divided Government,Economic Policy Change,and Stock Market Volatility in Germany, 1970‐2005

How does divided government affect the probability of economic policy change, and thus policy risk on financial markets? In contrast to the standard balancing model we argue that divided government, i.e., partisan conflict between the executive and the legislative branches, negatively affects the possibility of economic policy change. Using a simple spatial model we demonstrate that one should expect divided government to increase the probability of policy gridlock. Since divided government reduces the probability of economic policy change, financial markets can operate under lower policy risk in times of divided than in periods of unified government. For the empirical evaluation we exploit the fact that stock return volatility provides us with a measure of risk. If the gridlock argument does hold, stock return fluctuations should be lower under divided than under unified government. Our results confirm that divided government has a volatility reducing effect on the German stock market. This supports the view that divided government lowers policy risk.     

借鉴德国职业教育先进经验大力发展我国高等职业教育

我国高等职业教育在取得一定成绩的同时还存在诸如办学模式"克隆"、办学主体单一、办学理念模糊等弊端.德国作为世界高职教育的领先者,在多年的实践中形成了自身鲜明的办学特色.其办学模式的多样与差异、办学形式的改革与创新、办学过程的精益求精等先进经验都值得我国学习与借鉴.     

发展循环经济的法律保障研究

循环经济是一种新型的经济发展观。作为可持续发展思想的实现形式,循环经济的建立离不开法律制度的保障。分析借鉴德日等国的立法经验,我国的循环经济法制建设需在修改现有环境保护法律制度的基础上,制定循环经济基本法、综合法和专门法,形成完善的循环经济法律体系。     

德国康采恩法与我国企业集团法之比较

企业集团是具有独立法律地位的受支配企业统一管理的企业联合 ,不是民事主体。相反 ,单独的集团名称、集团章程和集团管理机构、子公司数量和企业集团资产的多少都不反映企业集团的本质特征。企业集团成员间权利义务的基础是经过登记的集团合同。集团合同中应当包括统一管理权的行使、对附属企业及其债权人、少数股东的保护等法定内容。在无合同约束的事实性企业集团中 ,支配企业不得向附属企业发出有损于附属企业利益的指令。     

The use of EU soft law by national courts and bureaucrats: how relation to hard law and policy maturity matter

Abstract

Soft law instruments account for a sizable share of EU legal acts, with growing importance over time. Yet, while the implementation of hard EU law has been widely studied, little is known about the use of EU soft law at the national level. In the article, it is firstly argued that the type of soft law instrument will affect national usage. Administrators and judges may welcome interpretative guidelines to complicated pieces of legislation, while more open-ended instruments may be ignored. It is further argued that the maturity of the policy field matters. National actors in mature policy fields will be routinely exposed to EU rules and they are socialized into responding to impulses from Brussels. The article probes the plausibility of these expectations in case studies on the use of EU soft law instruments by German administrations and courts in four policy fields: financial market regulation, competition, environmental protection and social policy.     

瑞士、德国、法国人力资源开发的主要做法及其借鉴意义

瑞士、德国、法国等西方发达国家的人力资源开发,从实际出发,顺应了经济社会发展的需要,取得了较好的效果。他们在长期的人力资源开发实践中,探索出许多成功的做法,积累了丰富的经验。虽然国情不一样,文化观念有差异,但其经验和做法对加强和改进我国当前的干部教育培训仍有一定的借鉴意义。