An analysis of the fundamental tensions between copyright and social media: the legal implications of sharing images on Instagram

ABSTRACT

Copyright is inherently intertwined with the development of technology and none more so than the advent of the Internet and sharing technologies. More recently, social media platforms have become the latest challenge for copyright law and policy. This article builds on the literature that recognises the underlying conflict between copyright and social networking sites (SNSs); namely that the basic implication of copyright is the restriction of copying, whereas the ethos of social networking is the promotion of sharing. In particular, this article focuses on the disparity between the restricted acts of copying and communication to the public under copyright law and the encouragement of sharing on SNS Instagram. In doing so, it contextualises the debate surrounding copyright and social media and provides an understanding of the legal implications of using Instagram. As such this paper analyses (1) the infringement of copyright protected work on Instagram, and (2) the user-agreement and licensing of copyright material on Instagram. This study concludes that the disparity between the principles of copyright and social media lead to confusion and vulnerability of users. Therefore, it is suggested that Instagram should better inform its users of the implications of sharing third-party content as well as the terms of its user agreement. This could be done by implementing a copyright strategy, which includes a notice and takedown system as well as investing in producing educational content for users. Perhaps SNSs, such as Instagram might be more motivated to take steps to recognise intellectual property rights if they were considered Internet Services Provides such as YouTube.     

Forensic Application of Analytical Mechanics in Fatal Fall From a Height

Fatal fall from a height initiated with a swinging motion on the sagittal plane of the victim's body is examined. Method of analytical mechanics is adopted to establish the functional relations between the swinging angle of the body and the force needed to sustain the body until release, and the amount of the horizontal displacement that would occur after release. The analysis is applied to support an expert opinion presented in a criminal court in which two accused were convicted of murder for dropping a female victim from a bridge. The results indicate that it is unlikely for the body to locate as recorded by the police investigation report in the case. This study demonstrates that a straightforward mechanical analysis can be utilized to examine uncommon falling scenarios.     

Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrated by Women: Case Series and Review of the Literature

The literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) perpetrated by female sexual offenders (FSOs) is exiguous, and many studies have focused on judicial databases. The present retrospective study, instead, analyzed clinical and judicial data of a group of both victims and alleged FSOs, to additionally include women who have not been convicted by the criminal justice system, but who hold strong clinical suspicions of being perpetrators of CSA. The medical records and the Court files of 11 children and their eight suspected FSOs have been collected and critically reviewed in light of the literature to date. This approach allowed for a deeper understanding of the relationship between child and FSO. The authors hypothesize that the victims’ severe psychopathological outcomes were a result of a failure to develop appropriate attachments with their prospective caregivers, which could have been damaged by the pathological relationship with FSOs, who were the victims’ caregivers.     

"小城故事"的演叙、媒介杂糅与魔幻叙事

文学、艺术的创作应与社会史密切相关.书写城镇故事的叙事称之为"小城叙事".在传统的"小城叙事"中,通过语言讲述乡土伦理的"演叙"占据主流.20世纪80年代以后,在"小城叙事"中,"演叙"与工业化冲击下所产生的作品中的"消息"杂糅,而且随着城镇化日益锲入工业化,小城叙事的"消息"性质日益凸显.20世纪90年代末与新世纪之交,当代中国城镇的消费化、媒介化与虚拟化日益严重,仪式性的"演叙"传统变得面目全非,呈现魔幻化的叙事凸显.贾樟柯的系列作品是对当代中国城镇变化历程的清晰展示,在他的《三峡好人》中开始出现了人们直面城镇废墟化的存在主义勇气.     

Representational Altruism: The Wary Cooperator as Authoritative Decision Maker

What drives policymakers to put the interests of others above their own? If human nature is inherently selfish, it makes sense to institutionalize incentives that counter decision makers' temptations to use their positions to benefit themselves over others. A growing literature rooted in evolutionary theories of human behavior, however, suggests that humans, under certain circumstances, have inherent predispositions towards “representational altruism,” i.e., to make an authoritative decision to benefit another at one's own expense. Drawing on Hibbing and Alford's conception of the wary cooperator, a theoretical case is made for such behavioral expectations, which are confirmed in a series of original laboratory experiments.     

公司立法理念的选择——以中西法律传统比较为视角

“法律是什么?”这一问题曾被反反复复地提出,又由严肃的思想家们以形形色色、奇特的甚至反论的方式予以回答。〔1〕然而由于中西社会文明、文化传统、历史发展的不同,法的概念似乎难成定论,法律所内涵的精神也各有不同。在中西公司立法中,法律条文更多地或强调国家强制,或彰显私法自治,不同法律理念的选择正是不同法律文化传统的必然产物。一、中国的礼法文化与公司立法中的国家强制(一)追溯中国法律传统中的礼法文化礼主宰着中国传统文化的命脉。尽管礼源自古老的祭祀仪式,但是在长期的封建统治中,礼成为维系国家秩序的工具。从法的角度说…     

Rechtmäßige Auflagen an einen Pferdehaltungsbetrieb, überdachte Futterplätze einzurichten und ein Tierbestandsbuch zu führen

Keine Zusammenfassung     

Unzulässigkeit einer Befreiung zur Sanierung eines Almweges für einen illegalen Almrestaurantbetrieb. Im Rahmen der FFH-Verträglichkeitsprüfung kann der aus der Beseitigung illegaler Verhältnisse resultierende Nutzen für Natur und Landschaft einem Projekt nicht zugerechnet werden, wenn dieser Vorteil auch ohne das Projekt realisierbar ist

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