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This work evaluates policy recommendations on medical error reporting systems presented in, To err is human, a report published by the Institute of Medicine. Here mandatory reporting should be applied for adverse events, while voluntary reporting is recommended for near misses. This analysis shows that an error reporting scheme of this type is not an optimal one since both near misses and adverse events may remain unreported. This work makes evident that penalising health care providers for not reporting errors, independent of error category, is crucial for reaching the first-best solution.JEL D82, I18, K42 相似文献
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Sverre Grepperud 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2007,23(2):135-149
The purpose of this paper is to investigate what the consequences are if environmental regulation in terms of a price mechanism
(effluent charges) erodes moral motivation (crowding-out). The findings suggest that a regime relying on voluntarism can do
better than a mandatory regime depending on the number of individuals being intrinsically motivated, degree of moral motivation,
crowding effects, and whether or not ethical utilities are accounted for. The optimal tax scheme is a discriminatory one with
rates that differ across moral and non-moral individuals. This tax-scheme induces the first-best solution when social costs
are considered, while the same solution becomes unattainable for a social welfare function. The model provides a rationale
for why governments sometimes rely on voluntary effort.
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Bjørn Helge Johnsen Roar Espevik Evelyn Rose Saus Sverre Sanden Olav Kjellevold Olsen 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2016,31(3):182-188
Purpose
The present paper describes the theoretical basis for a brief decision-making training program for frontline police officers as well as an outline of the training program, officers’ evaluation of perceived relevance and perceived learning effects.Design
A between group design was used in order to test for differences in evaluation between officers at different training levels.Results
High scores were obtained on all four items related to the evaluation (>84% scored in the highest category). When separating the subjects into groups based on their previous training (regular police response personnel vs. SWAT-type personnel), regular police response personnel obtained higher scores on perceived learning. However, both groups showed high scores on perceived learning. Both groups scored high on their evaluation of perceived relevance of the training program and no difference was found between the two groups.Practical implications
The brief decision making training program that expands ordinary tactical training was highly appreciated by police officers and was seen as complementary to ordinary training.7.
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This paper examines the proposals made in the Canberra Commission for the abolition of nuclear weapons. The Report is quickly summarised and the major arguments for the abolition of nuclear weapons are then examined in the following way. A classification, or "typology", of reasons why nuclear weapons should be abolished is given, and then the main and supporting arguments outlined in turn. It is concluded that these arguments are not persuasive and that the Report contains certain hidden presuppositions and assumptions. 相似文献
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Bjørn Helge Johnsen Roar Espevik Evelyn-Rose Saus Sverre Sanden Olav Kjellevold Olsen Sigurd W. Hystad 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2017,32(4):331-339
Training of police officers is important in order to maintain an effective law enforcement community. The present study investigates the mediating effect of motivation for operational duties on the relation between operational self-efficacy and performance satisfaction as well as perceived strain during a simulated operational scenario. Moderating effects of personality hardiness on the same relations were also investigated. Personality hardiness as a moderator was found only for the relation between operational self-efficacy and performance satisfaction. A positive effect was found for high hardy subjects, and a negative effect was found for low hardy subjects. The results also showed a mediating effect of motivation for operational duties on both performance satisfaction and perceived strain. This could have implication for selection and training in the police force. 相似文献
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