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Some Aboriginal youth are at disproportionate risk of using substances and developing abuse and dependence disorders. However,
not all Aboriginal youth misuse substances and limited research has examined the protective factors conferring against substance
use among these youth. The present study aimed to identify protective factors related to the alcohol use trajectories from
early adolescence to emerging adulthood among off-reserve Canadian Aboriginal youth. Participants (N = 330; 50.3% male) aged 12–23 were selected from cycles 2–7 of Statistics Canada’s NLSCY. Multilevel modeling was employed
to identify protective factors for two constructs of alcohol use. Participation in weekly activities and optimism were found
to be protective for both the frequency of alcohol use and heavy drinking trajectories. Attendance of religious services was
also found to be protective for heavy drinking behaviors. In contrast, positive peer relationships were a risk factor for
frequency of alcohol use, but not heavy drinking. The results provide preliminary evidence of important developmental factors
to integrate into substance use intervention programs targeting Aboriginal youth. 相似文献
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Although there has been an increasing number of studies that has examined depression among adolescents from immigrant backgrounds,
findings have been mixed, with some studies reporting that immigrant status is associated with risk, while others report that
immigration status is linked to adequate or positive outcomes. Thus, it is important to explore how underlying predictors
contribute to trajectories of depressive symptoms among adolescents from immigrant backgrounds. Using data from a nationally
representative Canadian sample (N = 1,060; aged 12 to 23; 48.9% female), this longitudinal study examined the effects of risk and protective factors on trajectories
of depressive symptoms using multilevel modeling. Predictors of depressive symptoms tended to be protective and suggest a
universal positive influence of self-esteem, positive peer relationships, and parent–child cohesion. Host language proficiency
was predictive of greater increases in depressive symptoms over time. Findings highlight the value of promoting protective
factors and aspects of one’s heritage among immigrant adolescents. 相似文献
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This article reports the results of a multiyear series of economicexperiments comparing the two dominant types of legal proceduresused in adjudication: (1) the 'adversarial' model of party-controlledprocedure versus (2) the 'inquisitorial' model of judge-controlledprocedure. The principal finding is that the relative fact-findingefficiency of the two systems, in terms of both the 'revelation'of hidden facts and the 'accuracy' of decision, depends significantlyupon the information structure. Under a 'private' informationstructure, inquisitorial procedure is relatively more efficient,whereas under a 'correlated' information structure, adversarialprocedure is relatively more efficient. 相似文献
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Fred Schmidt L. Jane Cuttress Jan Lang Mary Jane Lewandowski Jennine S. Rawana 《Family Court Review》2007,45(2):247-259
The lack of an articulated model of parenting competence and the limited use of empirically based assessment procedures is a weakness of current parenting capacity assessment protocols. The current article attempts to address this issue through the application of attachment theory and research in assessing one of the most critical components of parenting capacity assessments: the parent–child relationship. New empirically and attachment‐based assessment tools and procedures, well suited for the assessment of parental fitness, are presented, along with recommended practice guidelines to enhance the assessment of the parent–child relationship in cases of young, maltreated children (under 6 years of age). 相似文献
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