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ALI BAYRAMOGLU ORHAN PAMUK YUSUF MUFTUOGLU JOSCHKA FISCHER AYAAN HIRSI ALI AMARTYA SEN RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN MOHAMAD MAHATHIR BERNARD LEWIS JACQUES ATTALI ANTHONY GIDDENS BENAZIR BHUTTO SHIRIN EBADI NADINE GORDIMER ALAIN DE BOTTON GOLI TARAGHI TATIANA TOLSTAYA ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER PAUL WOLFOWITZ GEORGE OLAH 《新观察季刊》2008,25(1):82-85
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Using a semistructured measure to minimize cross-cultural biases, we examined the relationship between negative self and family-other affect and delinquency among 135 Mexican families of varying social class. The results indicated that: (a) both processed and released delinquent youths and their parents evaluated themselves more negatively than nondelinquent youths and their parents; (b) appraisals in the families of processed and released delinquents did not differ appreciably; (c) migrant families tended to manifest the most negativity and lower-class families the least, with middle-class families in between; and (d) socioeconomic status did not predict the relationship between family hostility and delinquency. The results are seen as providing more support for the family control theory of delinquency than for processing-labeling theory. 相似文献
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How federalism influences welfare spending: Belgium federalism reform through the perspective of the synthetic control method 下载免费PDF全文
TOBIAS ARNOLD ISABELLE STADELMANN‐STEFFEN 《European Journal of Political Research》2017,56(3):680-702
The question of whether and how federalism influences a country's welfare state has been a longstanding concern of political scientists. However, no agreement exists on exactly how, and under what conditions, federal structures impact the welfare state. This article examines this controversy. It concludes theoretically that the specific constellation of federal structures and distribution of powers need to be considered when theorising the effects of federalism on the welfare state. Using the case of Belgium and applying the synthetic control method, it is shown in the article that without the federalism reform of 1993, the country would have had further decreases in social spending rather than a consolidation of this spending in the years after 1993. In the case of Belgium, the combination of increased subnational spending autonomy in a still national financing system provided ideal conditions for a positive federalism effect on social spending to occur. 相似文献