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The act of evaluation requires an expenditure of resources. In Part I of this paper, we present a simple decision tree model borrowed from operations research to provide a conceptual framework for considering whether or not to commit such resources. In Part II, once the evaluation is carried out, we address the problem of evaluating the evaluation as a vehicle for producing useful information to decisionmakers. Evaluation inputs, processes, and outcomes are defined and discussed within the context of comprehensive evaluation of evaluations. 相似文献
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Sunlight or Window Dressing? Local Government Compliance with South Africa's Promotion of Access to Information Act 下载免费PDF全文
Daniel Berliner 《管理》2017,30(4):641-661
Institutional reforms often face challenges of poor compliance and implementation at the local level. I analyze these in a context where weak state capacity and limited enforcement make widespread compliance unlikely. South Africa's 2000 Promotion of Access to Information Act tasked the South African Human Rights Commission with monitoring and promoting compliance, but with limited resources and no authority to sanction. I argue that local political competition can generate endogenous incentives for compliance, even under conditions of weak capacity and limited external enforcement. Using data on 234 South African municipalities over 10 years, I find higher levels of compliance among more politically competitive municipalities. The results are not simply a function of differences between African National Congress–governed municipalities and others, and are robust to numerous controls for different forms of local state capacity. 相似文献
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The idea of constitutionalism requires the notion of limiting the power and rights of the people guaranteed by the Constitution. Indonesia Constitution-Undang-Undang Dasar1945 clearly provides protection upon constitutional rights of citizens. Yet, in some places where agrarian conflicts happened, constitutional rights of citizens ignorance still occurs. One of the longest conflicts in Lampung is the conflict in Register 45forest area, in Mesuji district, Lampung. This conflict has been occurring for more than eleven years and resulting in many victims. It is a conflict about control and management of Industrial Plantation Forests (HTI) involving disputes among investors, people, and government. 相似文献
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Norms shape policy when they get translated into concrete programs. What if a widely shared norm gets translated into a weak program? How might this influence the program's legitimacy? We examine these issues in the context of the United Nations Global Compact, a voluntary program that embodies the widely shared norm of corporate responsibility. While both international intergovernmental organization (IGO) and international non‐governmental organization (INGO) networks support this norm, they differ on the adequacy of the Compact's program design. We explore how this tension affects the diffusion of the Compact across countries, which vary in their levels of embeddedness in IGO and INGO networks. Our findings suggest that embeddedness in IGO networks encourages adoption, while embeddedness in INGO networks discourages it. Our analysis provides important lessons for sponsors of voluntary governance mechanisms. Widespread support for a norm does not automatically ensure support for a program that claims to embody it. 相似文献
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