应用酶组化、免疫组化方法对创伤早期时间的研究

在法医学检案中,经常要对尸体上的损伤进行检验以确定生前伤或死后伤,并要鉴定损伤时间.损伤超过8小时者一般用常规组织学方法可以解决,但损伤后经过时间较短,单用组织学方法不能解决,如利用酶活性反应方法和利用在组织内细胞内进行特异、灵敏、稳定的抗原抗体反应,可以较准确鉴定损伤时间.Perper J. A. Raek Allio、Tanaka、Fatteh等报导用组织化学方法鉴定损伤时间,祝家镇、刘世仓教授近年来也有报道,但用免疫组化学方法来鉴定损伤后早期时间,就作者所知,国内、外未见报道,而FN在创伤愈合过程中的作用国内外已有报道.本文     

Turn-taking in mother-adolescent conversations about sexuality and conflict

The current study examined the nature and style of mother-adolescent conversations, how these conversations differ by subject matter, and dyadic and individual differences. Thirty-one mother-adolescent dyads (17 boys, 14 girls) with a child between the ages of 11 and 14 had a nonstructured conversation, and conversations about conflict and sexuality. They also completed questionnaires on beliefs about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Conversations were measured for turn taking, total number of words, and conversational dominance, as well as nonverbal measures of affiliation, shame, and contempt. Conversations about sexuality involved less turn taking, fewer words, and more mother dominance than nonstructured conversations. Conversations about conflicts involved less turn taking but more words than nonstructured conversations. Some gender and age differences were found. More interactive conflict conversations contained higher levels of affiliation, and lower levels of child shame than conversations with fewer turns or higher mother dominance. In addition, children in more interactive dyads possessed a larger percentage of their mother's AIDS knowledge, and worried about AIDS a moderate amount.This research was supported by National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Grant No. HD27035.Received M.A. from UCLA. Current research interests include parent-adolescent relationships, adolescent peer relations, and adolescent sexuality.Received Ph.D. from Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Major research interest is in parent-adolescent communication and emotional development.Received Ph.D. from Boston University. Major research interest is in parent-child affective communication.     

Forensic identification of dyes extracted from textile fibers by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)

LC-MS is used for the identification of dyes extracted from textile fibers and the utility of the method for forensic trace analysis is demonstrated. The technique is shown to provide a high degree of chemical structural information, making dye identification highly specific in comparison to optical and/or chromatographic methods of dye analysis. A UV-visible absorbance detector, placed in series before the MS detector, facilitates monitoring the elution of dyes in the presence of other non-dye components extracted from colored textile fibers. In this way, dye identification becomes practical, even when a dye standard is not available for comparison. A set of 22 reference dyestuffs and 10 dyes extracted from textile fibers were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of the method. Six of the extracted dyes corresponded to dyes also contained in the set of 22 reference dyestuffs. Reference dyestuffs were not available for four of the extracted dyes. Triethylamine (TEA) was shown to increase the electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) response of dyes containing multiple sulfonated groups.     

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Ignitable Liquids Based on the Total Ion Spectrum

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) data of ignitable liquids in the Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection (ILRC) database were processed to obtain 445 total ion spectra (TIS), that is, average mass spectra across the chromatographic profile. Hierarchical cluster analysis, an unsupervised learning technique, was applied to find features useful for classification of ignitable liquids. A combination of the correlation distance and average linkage was utilized for grouping ignitable liquids with similar chemical composition. This study evaluated whether hierarchical cluster analysis of the TIS would cluster together ignitable liquids of the same ASTM class assignment, as designated in the ILRC database. The ignitable liquids clustered based on their chemical composition, and the ignitable liquids within each cluster were predominantly from one ASTM E1618‐11 class. These results reinforce use of the TIS as a tool to aid in forensic fire debris analysis.     

Lowering the Bar: Privileged Court Filings as Substitutes for Press Releases in the Court of Public Opinion

In the civil lawsuit against Kobe Bryant for sexual assault, the judge admonished lawyers for engaging in “public relations litigation”—the use of pleadings to attract media attention and try cases in the court of public opinion. This article examines the legal ramifications of such practices and the doctrines of law that encourage some lawyers and litigants to use pleadings as a form of press release. These include the law of republication and the fair report and judicial privileges as well as the power of judges to gag trial participants. The article concludes that courts have adequate tools to control such practices, and lawyers and public relations professionals can responsibly use court documents to communicate with the public, so long as they do not abuse the judicial process.     

转变观念和角色构建心灵立交桥——高校实施历史教育培养学生创新能力的探索

当前在全国全面推行素质教育的时候，如何加强高等院校历史教育已成为高校全面素质教育的重要一环。本文以为高校历史教育在实际教学中，应加快教师队伍观念角色的转变，加大专业能力培养，构建良好氛围，努力培养个人创新能力。     

药品安全事故犯罪中监督管理过失的预见可能性研究——以“郑筱萸”案为实证视角

药品安全事故犯罪中不仅需要追究生产企业本身的刑事责任,更要追究相关监督管理部门的渎职犯罪。渎职犯罪本质是一种监督管理过失,而监督管理过失认定的根本前提就在于行为人对危害结果是否存在预见可能性。预见可能性,是指行为时预见危害结果发生的客观可能性。有无预见能力的标准,应当以"行为人所属领域的处于相同地位和相同情况的一般人的预见能力"为标准。     

Performance testing of commercial containers for collection and storage of fire debris evidence

Fire debris evidence may contain ignitable liquid residues valuable in the investigation of a potential arson scene. The ability to obtain evidence containers that are contaminant-free and vapor-tight is essential to the analysis and storage of fire debris evidence. Commercial containers such as metal "paint" cans, glass mason jars, and polymer bags are often employed as fire debris evidence containers. The purpose of this research was to determine which of these three types of containers provided the most vapor-tight seal for the prevention of ignitable liquid vapor loss and to assess the potential for cross-contamination. Leak rates for each type of container were measured under controlled conditions. Simple mixtures of hydrocarbons were utilized in these experiments. Leak rates were determined based on the amounts of hydrocarbon recovered from activated charcoal located outside the test container and within a secondary container. Quantitation of the hydrocarbons recovered from activated charcoal was calculated using external standard calibration curves following analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that glass jars had the fastest leak rate followed by metal paint cans and properly heat-sealed polymer bags with the slowest leak rate. Each container exhibited a different leak mechanism, which resulted in an observable effect on the composition of hydrocarbons lost from the container. Hydrocarbon transfer from one container to another is also demonstrated. This study presents results that reveal the most vapor-tight container to be a properly heat-sealed copolymer bag.     

Progress Toward the Determination of Correct Classification Rates in Fire Debris Analysis,,

Principal components analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) were used to develop a multistep classification procedure for determining the presence of ignitable liquid residue in fire debris and assigning any ignitable liquid residue present into the classes defined under the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E 1618‐10 standard method. A multistep classification procedure was tested by cross‐validation based on model data sets comprised of the time‐averaged mass spectra (also referred to as total ion spectra) of commercial ignitable liquids and pyrolysis products from common building materials and household furnishings (referred to simply as substrates). Fire debris samples from laboratory‐scale and field test burns were also used to test the model. The optimal model's true‐positive rate was 81.3% for cross‐validation samples and 70.9% for fire debris samples. The false‐positive rate was 9.9% for cross‐validation samples and 8.9% for fire debris samples.