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Steadman HJ Silver E Monahan J Appelbaum PS Robbins PC Mulvey EP Grisso T Roth LH Banks S 《Law and human behavior》2000,24(1):83-100
Since the 1970s, a wide body of research has suggested that the accuracy of clinical risk assessments of violence might be increased if clinicians used actuarial tools. Despite considerable progress in recent years in the development of such tools for violence risk assessment, they remain primarily research instruments, largely ignored in daily clinical practice. We argue that because most existing actuarial tools are based on a main effects regression approach, they do not adequately reflect the contingent nature of the clinical assessment processes. To enhance the use of actuarial violence risk assessment tools, we propose a classification tree rather than a main effects regression approach. In addition, we suggest that by employing two decision thresholds for identifying high- and low-risk cases--instead of the standard single threshold--the use of actuarial tools to make dichotomous risk classification decisions may be further enhanced. These claims are supported with empirical data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study. 相似文献
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Veysey Bonita M. Steadman Henry J. Morrissey Joseph P. Johnsen Matthew Beckstead Jason W. 《Law and human behavior》1998,22(2):205-215
The prevalence of serious mental illnesses in jail populations is significantly greater than in the general population. Identifying individuals who warrant psychiatric evaluations is important and benefits correctional staff as well as detainees. One widely used screening instrument intended for this task is the Referral Decision Scale (RDS). This paper reviews the development and validation of the RDS. Using data from a multisite study which assessed postrelease outcomes for detainees with mental illness, various types of validity are addressed. The results confirm that the RDS has some inherent characteristics that seriously limit its practical application as a screening instrument for use by correctional staff. 相似文献
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H J Steadman E J Holohean J Dvoskin 《The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law》1991,19(3):297-307
A sample of 3,684 inmates in the New York State prison system was surveyed in May 1986 to determine the prevalence of psychiatric and functional disability and service utilization. It was estimated that 5 percent had a severe psychiatric disability, and 10 percent had significant psychiatric disability. The higher the level of disability, the greater the proportion of inmates that had received mental health services in the last 30 days and in the last year. Still, 45 percent of the severe disability group had no service contacts in the last year. Patterns of utilization differed significantly by sex (a greater proportion of women received services) and by race (a greater proportion of whites received services). The clinical factors associated with receipt of services varied considerably between men and women. 相似文献
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Because of the financial and social hardship faced after divorce,most people assume that generally husbands have instigated divorcesince the introduction of no-fault divorce. Yet women file fordivorce and are often the instigators of separation, despitea deep attachment to their children and the evidence that manydivorces harm children. Furthermore, divorced women in largenumbers reveal that they are happier than they were while married.They report relief and certainty that they were right in leavingtheir marriages. This fundamental puzzle suggests that the incentivesto divorce require a reexamination, and that the forces affectingthe net benefits from marriage may be quite complicated, andperhaps asymmetric between men and women. This paper considerswomen's filing as rational behavior, based on spouses' relativepower in the marriage, their opportunities following divorce,and their anticipation of custody. 相似文献
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Allison D. Redlich Steven Hoover Alicia Summers Henry J. Steadman 《Law and human behavior》2010,34(2):91-104
Mental health courts (MHCs) are rapidly expanding as a form of diversion from jails and prisons for persons with mental illness
charged with crimes. Although intended to be voluntary, little is known about this aspect of the courts. We examined perceptions
of voluntariness, and levels of knowingness and legal competence among 200 newly enrolled clients of MHCs at two courts. Although
most clients claimed to have chosen to enroll, at the same time, most claimed not to have been told the court was voluntary
or told of the requirements prior to entering. The majority knew the “basics” of the courts, but fewer knew more nuanced information.
A minority also were found to have impairments in legal competence. Implications are discussed. 相似文献