Harming America: Corporate Crime in a Context of Deregulation

ABSTRACT

Like many Republican presidential candidates before him, Donald J. Trump campaigned on a pro-business, anti-regulation platform, and since his election in November 2016, he has directed his administration to move forward with deregulation in many arenas, including consumer financial protections, environmental controls, and workplace safety among others. Past efforts to roll back regulations governing certain industries, such as the savings and loan and the mortgage industries, have had harmful consequences for the general public or for specific interest groups. In this study, we review what the Trump administration has accomplished with regard to deregulation to date. Then, based on past deregulatory fiascos, we theorize the harmful collateral consequences that may result from this most recent swing of the regulatory-deregulatory pendulum.     

石油企业采油一线员工职业健康管理问题与对策

在我国石油企业中采油一线员工占比最多,在劳动过程中会遇到各种各样的职业健康危害。实现采油一线员工身心健康,是人力资源保障的重要内容,是石油企业应尽的责任,也是企业实现和谐发展的必然选择。文章以采油一线员工为研究对象,通过调查、访谈,了解员工对职业健康的感知程度,掌握石油企业职业健康管理现状,分析存在的问题,并从企业自身出发提出了改善措施。     

Improved Area of Origin Estimation for Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Using 3D Scanning

An important component of crime scene reconstruction is bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA). Where BPA concerns impact patterns, estimating the area of origin is critical information for scene reconstruction. Traditionally, this is achieved by measuring individual bloodstains and performing trigonometric calculations; however, 3D scanning has been proposed as a viable alternative for overcoming logistical and practical concerns with the manual method. Therefore, this project aimed to establish whether the FARO Focus 3D scanner and FARO Zone 3D software can improve the accuracy of area of origin estimates relative to the manual method. We created a series of eight bloodstain impact patterns and performed paired analysis using the two methods to estimate areas of origin for each pattern. Our data suggested that FARO-derived estimates were generally more accurate than using the manual method. FARO-estimated heights of origin areas were generally closer to the true distance. Both methods underestimated the distance from the wall for most patterns originating 150mm or greater from the wall, but overestimated distances for patterns originating closer to the wall. The degree to which distances were underestimated increased significantly the further the blood source was from the wall and was greater for FARO-derived estimates. The results of this research contribute to the validation of these instruments for operational implementation for BPA and should be considered alongside the practical benefits of 3D scanning relative to manual methods. Further, 3D scanning can provide reliable BPA reconstruction documentation for technical review and court presentation.     

基于信息生命周期理论的疫情谣言治理之路

从2003年非典型肺炎疫情到如今全球肆虐的新冠肺炎疫情,每次疫情的爆发都会引发各类谣言甚嚣尘上。疫情谣言危害极大,然而目前如何对其进行治理的研究成果却较少。本文尝试将信息生命周期理论引入疫情谣言治理领域,力图找出疫情谣言生命周期的关键运动影响因素,以此为基础分析疫情谣言治理过程中存在的问题并提出相应的对策建议,希冀能为我国疫情谣言治理提供理论参考。     

Inclusivity in Online Platforms: Recruitment Strategies for Improving Participation of Diverse Sociodemographic Groups

Governments are increasingly implementing smart and digital approaches to promoting citizen participation. However, whether online participation platforms are tools that improve inclusivity in citizen participation remains underexplored. To address this gap, this article focuses on the role of recruitment messages and their effect on participation in an online participation platform by gender and age. A field experiment with a neighborhood census sample (N = 6,066) shows that online participation dips for younger and older citizens and is equal among women and men. For the age groups between 60 and 75, differences in the control and intervention recruitment messages significantly impacted participation. These findings can help public managers tailor recruitment strategies to facilitate inclusive participation and represent a first step toward learning what types of messages are effective for whom.     

数据时代网络爬虫的内部管理型规制

网络爬虫作为数据时代一种被普遍应用的自动化数据收集技术,有着独特功能和价值。目前爬虫行为失范却对现有法律制度适用及网络空间秩序产生了严峻挑战,亟需在反思现有网络爬虫规范体系不足的基础上,引入内部管理型规制以回应网络爬虫规制的现实需求。基于网络爬虫的技术逻辑,内部管理型规制适用有行为限定、内容延展和效力涵摄面向,且功能多元。由于内部管理型规制兼有行政规制与自我规制的双重因素,因而可以上述两种规制方式为基点,对网络爬虫内部管理型规制进行横向和纵向的体系化构建。横向体系化构建应明确所涉主体形态、权义结构和责任内容;而纵向体系化构建应包括标准制定、组织建制、守法监督和执行反馈。     

Covid-19 Pandemic,Social Mitigation and Taxation: The Open Veins of Inequality in Latin America

The pandemic of Covid-19 has exposed the veins of inequality in Latin America. With a socioeconomic disaster looming, social emergency policies seemed inevitable. Yet while governments argue over the continuity of such policies and whether the fiscal rules in place should be respected, no sustainable response has come out. This essay problematises whether the pandemic could represent a critical juncture to forge ahead with political narratives that highlight tax exemptions and privileges enjoyed by the rich. We analyse the mitigation measures adopted by Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay and their repercussions on the debate surrounding progressive tax reforms to fund social schemes.     

Directors’ duties under the 2019 Companies Act of Ghana

The scope of directors’ duties forms perhaps the most important part of corporate governance. This paper considers the trajectory of the regulation of directors’ duties under Ghanaian company law from the Companies Act, 1963 (Act 179) to the Companies Act, 2019 (Act 992). Using the 2017 to 2019 financial institutions’ insolvencies in Ghana as a backdrop, it considers whether the scope, formulation and structure of directors’ duties within the new legislation is capable of promoting corporately-beneficial director behaviour. It also discusses whether the framework is apt to deal with similar lapses in corporate governance marked by reckless and opportunistic director behaviour. It discovers that Act 992 places a greater reliance on specific rules while retaining the largely principles-based regulatory technique adopted for regulating director conduct under Act 179. The overall tenor of the framework of directors’ duties under the new Act points to a firmer legislative view of the serious consequences of reckless director conduct. The paper concludes that the language of the framework regulating director conduct is capable of promoting corporately beneficially director behaviour and is also apt to deal with the kind of lapses in corporate governance which led to mass financial sector insolvencies in Ghana.     

Bringing the Falklands/Malvinas Home: Young People's Everyday Engagements with Geopolitics in Domestic Space

This paper draws on recent research examining feminist and everyday geopolitics to focus on the relatively neglected domestic sphere as a space where geopolitical events like the Falklands/Malvinas war are learnt, (re)produced, remembered and contested by young people. It presents qualitative data drawn from interviews with young people from Argentina (Río Gallegos) and the Falkland Islands (Stanley), locations with intimate connections to the 1982 war. It argues that research in domestic environments that engages the familial relations, objects and practices that embody geopolitical pasts can help make sense of how young people (are able to) express geopolitical agency.     

大鼠急性心肌缺血早期内皮素的免疫组化染色观察

目的　探讨实验性大鼠心肌缺血后内皮素在心肌组织内的表达变化。方法　运用免疫组化技术 (SABC法 ) ,对分别经过单纯缝线结扎、药物、脂质饮食预处理后结扎及假结扎处理的 5组 60只实验大鼠 ,在冠脉左前降支结扎后的不同时间点 ,观察心肌组织的内皮素表达情况。结果　阳性组各个分组的大鼠在心肌缺血早期均出现了内皮素的阳性表达 ,且经过预处理、存在慢性心肌缺血倾向的大鼠在更短的时间内出现了阳性染色 ;而假结扎对照组未见明显的阳性染色。结论　内皮素免疫组化检测可作为早期心肌缺血的病理诊断指标之一 ,并可为心性猝死 (SCD)的诊断提供形态学依据。