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1.
We show that the probability of apprehension and punishment is usually reduced in a framework with asymmetric information, leading to more offenses being committed. A positive correlation between crime and asymmetry of information in the enforcement process is established. Some suggestions concerning the efficiency of private versus public enforcement are drawn. 相似文献
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We consider two important notes on optimal law enforcement with corruption. First, we analyze the role of asymmetric information
on the emergence of collusion between criminals and enforcers. Second, our paper proposes that the optimal criminal sanction
for the underlying offense is not necessarily maximal. We achieve this result by coupling the criminal sanction for the underlying
offense with a criminal sanction for corruption, both imposed on offenders. A higher criminal sanction for the underlying
offense implies that the government must spend more resources to detect and punish corruption (since the likelihood of collusion
increases). Thus, the government could reduce this sanction, save on detection, and increase the criminal sanction for corruption
(in order to offset the negative effect on deterrence).
We are grateful to Mitch Polinsky and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. The usual disclaimers apply. 相似文献
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Mohd Kassim Noor Mohamed 《Asian Journal of Criminology》2008,3(1):61-73
Kidnapping for ransom is not a new phenomenon. According to the Control Risk Group, an international risk consultancy, kidnappings
of foreign nationals globally have increased by 275% over the past 10 years. High profile incidents such as the tourist kidnappings
in 2000 by the Abu Sayyaf group, operating out of the troubled southern region of the Philippines, show that South East Asia
has its own regionalised kidnapping hotspots. It is suspected that a high proportion of kidnappings are perpetrated by economically
motivated crime groups but it is not possible to estimate with any degree of accuracy what percentage can be attributed to
organised crime. This article will provide an overview of the problem, drawing upon existing literature available in the public
domain. A typological discussion will show the critical differences between the various categories of kidnapping. The reliability
of existing statistics, categorisation and recording of kidnapping for ransom will also be scrutinised, in particular for
their variability across the region, to see whether this presents a barrier to a better understanding of the size and seriousness
of the problem. As kidnapping for ransom incidents are becoming increasingly transnational in character, the final section
will highlight the desirability of formulating and agreeing upon regional standardised definitions and counting rules for
kidnap. 相似文献
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Natasha Binte Mohamed Ismail Marie Angeline Pagulayan Carlo Miguel Alfonso Francia Augustine Pang 《Journal of Public Affairs (14723891)》2019,19(1)
The rhetoric of then U.S. President‐elect Donald Trump and Philippines' President Rodrigo Duterte had triggered a shift in global political discourse (Greene, 2016 ). This study examines their responses on three similar crises: disrespectful remarks towards women, associations with controversial political figures, and remarks threatening geopolitical relations. Data from prestige publications, Washington Post (U.S.) and the Philippine Daily Inquirer, were analyzed during the acute stage of each crisis. Findings showed that both men employed confusing strategy combinations in their crisis responses. Despite incoherent application and contradictory strategies, they survived threats to their image as evidenced by poll results. New strategies (diversion and logorrhea) and a strategy amplifier (machismo) were uncovered. These strategies tapped on ambiguity and were found to be successfully employed in a post‐truth landscape. This study builds on Benoit's ( 2006 ) argument that “any attempt by a president to repair a damaged image … clearly merits scholarly attention” (p. 138). 相似文献
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Dahmani Mounir Mabrouki Mohamed Ben Youssef Adel 《Economic Change and Restructuring》2022,55(4):2317-2336
Economic Change and Restructuring - In the age of digital globalization, information and communication technologies (ICT) and international trade seem to have become the engines of economic growth.... 相似文献
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The Effect of Time on Bone Fluorescence: Implications for Using Alternate Light Sources to Search for Skeletal Remains 下载免费PDF全文
Mohamed A. H. Swaraldahab M.S. Angi M. Christensen Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(2):442-444
Bones fluoresce when exposed to certain wavelengths of shortwave light, and this property can be useful in locating and sorting skeletal remains in forensic contexts. The proteins in bone collagen are largely responsible for its fluorescent properties, but these proteins degrade and denature over time. This study examined the fluorescence of bones from four temporal groups (recent, semi‐recent, ancient, and historic) ranging from 0 to 1064 years before present. Specimens were photographed under 490 nm wavelength light, and fluorescence was quantified by converting intensity to a gray scale value based on the RGB color model using ImageJ® software. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in mean fluorescence between all four temporal groups, and a 0.324 coefficient of correlation indicates a significant (inverse) relationship between fluorescence and time. Bone fluorescence decreases with time, but some fluorescence is retained even in older samples. Fluorescence can therefore be reliably used in many modern skeletal remains searches. 相似文献