痢疾杆菌福氏2a及其环丙沙星耐药株gyrA和parC基因耐药性决定区序列的测定分析

测定了痢疾杆菌福氏 2a 30 1株与喹喏酮类药物耐药性相关的 gyrA基因和 parC基因的序列 ,并对其环丙沙星耐药诱变株的 gyrA和 parC基因喹喏酮类药物耐药性决定区 (QRDR)序列进行了测定分析。结果表明 ,痢疾杆菌福氏 2a 30 1株 gyrA和 parC基因分别为 2 6 2 5bp和2 2 5 6bp ,环丙沙星诱导的耐药菌 gyrA基因QRDR(2 4 5bp)发生氨基酸残基 6 9 Ala→Val和 87 Tyr→Asp改变 ,parC基因QRDR(2 37b)发生氨基酸残基 79 Ala→Asp、84 Ala→Glu和 85 Pro→Ala改变。这一研究结果对认识痢疾杆菌喹喏酮类药物耐药性的分子机理具有重要意义     

关于公司法实施中的若干问题

在公司法实施中暴露的主要问题是发起人虚假出资、控制股东行为不规范、公司人格混同及被滥用现象突出。完善公司立法应立足中国国情,统一公司与企业法,重构公司资本制度,降低公司设立门槛,完善公司治理,细化债权人保护规则以增强法的可诉性;在公司司法方面,宜完善司法解释并由最高人民法院公布公司案例,发挥其引导作用;在揭开公司面纱方面尤其应结合中国的国情和司法实践,而不宜机械地照般国外的理论。     

Independent regulatory agencies in Turkey: are they really autonomous?

This article examines the autonomy of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in Turkey. It explores, first, the different factors that have led to the creation of IRAs and second, the legislative basis of their formal or de jure autonomy. Thereafter, the article assesses the extent to which this formal autonomy is really put in practice and how it is perceived by board members. The enquiry was conducted through a survey comprising interviews and a questionnaire applied to the same. It concludes that although formal autonomy is satisfactorily provided for by law, government tends to limit this autonomy through secondary legislation. Consequently, there are some constraints on the actual use of autonomy. Concerning de facto autonomy, survey findings show that boards are exposed to external and internal pressures and interference in their deliberations. Thus, the assumption that ‘the greater the autonomy the more efficient the management’ is questioned. The main sources of pressure on board members are from the regulated sectors themselves. These findings have an important bearing on democracy and the political–administrative interface, as it is confronted by market forces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mini-Stimulus to Fuel Reforms

正At the present time,China is in need of economic stimulus,a fact testified to by the struggling branches of some banks and the sluggish manufacturing industry.The country should no longer base its optimistic mood solely on the explosive growth of the information technology(IT)and e-commerce industries.Without the upgrading of its manufacturing sector,China’s economy will     

Internal validation of reduced PCR reaction volume of the Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS Kit from blood samples on FTA cards

The onus of proof in criminal cases is beyond any reasonable doubt, and the issue on the lack of complete internal validation data can be manipulated when it comes to justifying the validity and reliability of the X-chromosomal short tandem repeats analysis for court representation. Therefore, this research evaluated the efficiency of the optimized 60% reduced volumes for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using the Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS Kit, as well as the capillary electrophoresis (CE) sample preparation for blood samples on Flinder's Technology Associates (FTA) cards. Good-quality DNA profile (3000–12,000 RFU) from the purified blood sample on FTA card (1.2 mm) were obtained using the optimized PCR (10.0 μL of PCR reaction volume and 21 cycles) and CE (9.0 μL Hi-Di™ Formamide and 0.3 μL DNA Size Standard 550 [BTO] and 27 s injection time) conditions. The analytical and stochastic thresholds were 100 and 200 RFU, respectively. Hence, the internal validation data supported the use of the optimized 60% reduced PCR amplification reaction volume of the Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS Kit as well as the CE sample preparation for producing reliable DNA profiles that comply with the quality assurance standards for forensic DNA testing laboratories, while optimizing the analytical cost.     

Contribution of parkland trees to farmers’ livelihoods: a case study from Mali

Native species of trees and shrubs contribute significantly to farmers' livelihoods by supplying food, medicinal products, fodder, and wood. In the case study reported in this article, this contribution to farmers' annual revenue varied from 26 per cent to 73 per cent, and was as high as US$ 650 a year for households for which agroforestry products were the primary source of revenue. Household consumption was not quantified in the study, but farmers' comments confirmed that native trees also played an important role in assuring food security, especially in the ‘hunger period’ when grain stores are low and farmers are waiting for the next harvest.     

Sondage auprès des fonctionnaires fédéraux : Synthèse des contributions canadiennes à la recherche

For about twenty years, Public Administration scholars have used the data from the Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) for their research. Two studies evaluated the uses of data, measurement models and internal validity of the U.S. government’s Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS), and none on the use of PSES data. The article reviews studies that used Canadian PSES data to promote social science research and seeks to stimulate discussion of PSES's future and opportunities for strategic human resources research in Canada. [The table most useful for researchers is available here in English: Table 3. Aggregation of PSES Elements Assigned to Theoretical Constructs.]     

论绑架勒索犯罪预备阶段及被害预防

绑架勒索犯罪近年愈演愈烈，对社会治安和人民群众生命财产的安全危害极大。与其他刑事犯罪相比较，其犯罪预备阶段有所不同，其被害预防对亦相应不同。     

市场经济下禁毒斗争的困境与对策

本文根据当代世界和中国毒品泛滥和禁毒斗争的新形势 ,从巨额利润的驱使和诱惑、毒品黑色亚文化的影响、对中国近代遭受鸦片毒害的历史逐渐淡漠等三个方面分析了当代中国在市场经济下禁毒斗争面临的困境 ;进而提出了截流堵源、重治吸食、宣传教育、利用高科技等禁毒斗争的对策。