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1.
Olawale Ismail 《冲突、安全与发展》2002,2(2):125-134
Olawale Ismail works at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) on the Arms and Military Expenditure (Africa) Project. He is a fellow of the Social Science Research Council's African Youth and Globalisation programme. His research interests include conflict and security studies, especially in relation to Africa. 相似文献
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We show that the probability of apprehension and punishment is usually reduced in a framework with asymmetric information, leading to more offenses being committed. A positive correlation between crime and asymmetry of information in the enforcement process is established. Some suggestions concerning the efficiency of private versus public enforcement are drawn. 相似文献
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The technique of isoelectric focusing in ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels as a method of typing human red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) has been studied. Typing was possible without the samples attaining true equilibrium focusing conditions. The isozyme patterns so obtained were clearly defined and free from distortion. The importance of assessing relative band intensities when interpreting the isozyme patterns is discussed. Our experience of using the technique to analyse casework material is described. 相似文献
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We consider two important notes on optimal law enforcement with corruption. First, we analyze the role of asymmetric information
on the emergence of collusion between criminals and enforcers. Second, our paper proposes that the optimal criminal sanction
for the underlying offense is not necessarily maximal. We achieve this result by coupling the criminal sanction for the underlying
offense with a criminal sanction for corruption, both imposed on offenders. A higher criminal sanction for the underlying
offense implies that the government must spend more resources to detect and punish corruption (since the likelihood of collusion
increases). Thus, the government could reduce this sanction, save on detection, and increase the criminal sanction for corruption
(in order to offset the negative effect on deterrence).
We are grateful to Mitch Polinsky and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. The usual disclaimers apply. 相似文献
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Mohd Kassim Noor Mohamed 《Asian Journal of Criminology》2008,3(1):61-73
Kidnapping for ransom is not a new phenomenon. According to the Control Risk Group, an international risk consultancy, kidnappings
of foreign nationals globally have increased by 275% over the past 10 years. High profile incidents such as the tourist kidnappings
in 2000 by the Abu Sayyaf group, operating out of the troubled southern region of the Philippines, show that South East Asia
has its own regionalised kidnapping hotspots. It is suspected that a high proportion of kidnappings are perpetrated by economically
motivated crime groups but it is not possible to estimate with any degree of accuracy what percentage can be attributed to
organised crime. This article will provide an overview of the problem, drawing upon existing literature available in the public
domain. A typological discussion will show the critical differences between the various categories of kidnapping. The reliability
of existing statistics, categorisation and recording of kidnapping for ransom will also be scrutinised, in particular for
their variability across the region, to see whether this presents a barrier to a better understanding of the size and seriousness
of the problem. As kidnapping for ransom incidents are becoming increasingly transnational in character, the final section
will highlight the desirability of formulating and agreeing upon regional standardised definitions and counting rules for
kidnap. 相似文献
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