Composite Machine Learning Algorithm for Material Sourcing,

This study developed a composite machine learning algorithm for attribution of materials of forensic interest (like ammonium nitrate) to original sources. k-nearest neighbor and random forest models were used for source elimination and classification, respectively, in a two-step, composite algorithm based on particle color, size/shape, and trace element concentration features. Novel approaches for simulation to supplement within-source reference features based on empirically measured multi-lot analyses, an improved hold-one-lot-out method for cross-validation, an assessment of the likelihood of the presence of a reference sample, fusion of the source probabilities from the respective classification models, and the calculation of metrics for assessing ensemble sourcing performance are described. Excellent sourcing predictions were obtained; the sourcing algorithm identified the correct source as the top choice 89% of the time, and the correct source was identified to be an average of 2.7 times more likely than the most likely incorrect source.     

云南四川藏族地区天然林资源保护区的林业可持续管理

本文根据联合国关于林业可持续管理的指标体系 ,对云南四川藏族地区天然林资源保护区实现林业可持续管理的目标分层进行了论述 ,在此基础上 ,分析了该区林业可持续管理的难点和制度影响 ,并立足该区藏族传统文化特点和社区林地的传统管理方式 ,提出了确立林地权属制度和社区管理体制、按照市场机制进行林业可持续管理的改进方式     

我国森林资源产权分析

森林资源产权是产权经济学运用于林业领域里所建立的一个特殊范畴。我国目前的森林资源产权普遍存在着模糊与弱化的现象。本文从这一角度出发 ,对我国森林资源的产权情况进行理论上的分析 ,并试图提出一些改革和构建我国森林资源产权制度的一些可行措施 ,从而从根本上遏止不断恶化的乱砍乱伐现象 ,实现国民经济的可持续发展。     

Experimentalism in transnational forest governance: Implementing European Union Forest Law Enforcement,Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Voluntary Partnership Agreements in Indonesia and Ghana

Over the past decade, the European Union (EU) has created a novel experimentalist architecture for transnational forest governance: the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) initiative. This innovative architecture comprises extensive participation by civil society stakeholders in establishing and revising open‐ended framework goals (Voluntary Partnership Agreements [VPAs] with developing countries aimed at promoting sustainable forest governance and preventing illegal logging) and metrics for assessing progress toward them (legality standards and indicators) through monitoring and review of local implementation, underpinned by a penalty default mechanism to sanction non‐cooperation (the EU Timber Regulation that prohibits operators from placing illegally harvested wood on the European market). This paper analyzes the implementation of VPAs in Indonesia and Ghana, the two countries furthest advanced toward issuing FLEGT export licences. A central finding is the reciprocal relationship between the experimentalist architecture of the FLEGT initiative and transnational civil society activism, whereby the VPAs’ insistence on stakeholder participation, independent monitoring, and joint implementation review, underwritten by the EU, empowers domestic non‐governmental organizations with local knowledge to expose problems on the ground, hold public authorities accountable for addressing them, and contribute to developing provisional solutions.     

Community forestry,labor migration and agrarian change in a Nepali village: 1980 to 2010

This paper follows forest conditions, agricultural practices, and livelihoods in a Nepali village between 1980 and 2010. A survey was administered to all village households in 1980, 1990 and 2010; semi-structured interviews were also conducted. Tree species frequency, density and dominance were determined for eight forest patches during each survey. Over this period the population of the village remained stable; the number of children decreased, and the number of people over 50 increased. Famers keep significantly fewer livestock, and have become less dependent on farming and more engaged in commercial activities. In 1980 the number of out-migrants was so few that they were not recorded; by 2010, 29 percent of the adult male population was engaged in migration. Nepal initiated an acclaimed Community Forestry program in the early 1990s; by 2010 about half the village’s forests showed improved tree density and size. Contrary to expectations and published literature, the study found that forest conditions in half of the village’s forests were not improved; and while livelihoods appeared to be better in 2010 than in 1980, they are not more secure as they are increasingly dependent on remittance incomes and hence at the whims of the international labor market.     

陕西天然林保护工程建设现状及对策研究

陕西省是全国首批实施天然林保护工程项目的主要省份,深入调查全省天然林保护工程建设情况,总结实施经验,分析存在问题及其社会影响,研究合理的对策,对于推动全省乃至全国天然林保护工程深入开展具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

试论依法保护森林资源与加强森林公安队伍建设

国内外的历史经验说明 ,依法治林是保护森林、发展林业的必由之路 ,而建立一支合格的森林公安队伍是实现依法治林的重要保障。森林公安队伍建设面临着“民警学历层次偏低 ,森林公安教育发展滞后 ,管理体制不顺 ,经费得不到保证”等主要问题 ;而建立一支政治过硬、业务精良、执法严格、管理规范、纪律严明的森林公安队伍 ,则是保护和发展森林资源 ,实现林业跨越发展的重要途径和有力保障。     

退耕还林工程中的职务犯罪——以天水市为例

国家自1999年实施退耕还林工程以来，取得了显著的生态效益和经济效益：西部地区脆弱的生态环境得以明显改善，农村产业结构得到了重大的调整。但在推进退耕还林项目的过程中，一些主管、经手退耕还林补助粮款的林业、乡镇、村组干部利用职务之便，贪污、挪用、克扣、截留补助粮款的行为呈高发态势，涉案金额巨大，社会影响恶劣。造成该类犯罪频发的原因是多方面的，既有监督机制阙如、档案管理混乱、检查验收流于形式等外在因素，也有基层组织人员心理失衡、居功思想严重、法制观念淡薄等自身因素。职是之故，在治理该类犯罪时应坚持“打防并举、标本兼治”的原则，既要建章立制、加强教育，还要重拳出击，震慑犯罪。     

论“原生型”胶州大秧歌“乞讨”说

“原生型”胶州大秧歌源于“乞讨”的说法违反了恩格斯的《自然辩证法》所论述艺术发展的规律。艺术作品是艺术家或民间艺人的产品，在社会分工按照历史的必然性仍然存在的社会发展阶段，作为精神生产的一个特殊的艺术创作，需要具备特殊的条件，掌握特殊的手段。“原生型”胶州大秧歌就是集音乐、舞蹈、戏剧为一体的综合性的艺术形式。它赋予了广大胶州人民以无限的节庆娱乐与欢快，虽然也赋予“乞讨”者维持生计的技能，但“乞讨”不是它的来源。     

生态公益林效益补偿法律制度与政策机制的建构创新——结合广东省相关实践考量

森林生态效益补偿制度是实现森林生态价值、发挥森林作为生态环境建设主体作用的基本保障。我国生态公益林补偿历经由政策个别调整到立法普遍调整的渐进过程，且部分地方（如广东省）立法及政策试点实践已获得某些示范性经验。然而，相关政策法律机制还存在亟待解决的矛盾问题，特别是生态公益林补偿的投入与利益保障机制需要合理构建，这是全面推进生态公益林建设的关键。分析生态公益林补偿政策与立法现状，结合广东省等相关实践考量，重在探索我国生态公益林补偿制度规范及实施机制的创新思路。