A novel method for cyanide quantification in human whole blood using ion chromatography with amperometric detection and its application to cyanide intoxication cases

Cyanide is a highly toxic agent that has been frequently used for suicide in South Korea. It is also used in various industrial fields, such as metal plating, in which many accidental cyanide intoxications have occurred. To overcome the disadvantages of conventional cyanide analysis methods, a simple and fast method for the analysis of cyanide in whole blood using ion chromatography (IC) with amperometric detection was developed in this study. Whole blood samples were deproteinized, diluted, and analyzed using an IC–amperometric detection system. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The method showed good linearity in the range of 0.2 to 50 mg/L with R² > 0.99. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy values were <10%. The established method was successfully applied to analyze whole blood samples from three cyanide intoxication cases.     

The Stability of 4-Chloromethcathinone in Blood and Vitreous Humor

We present results of our study on the stability of 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) in authentic postmortem peripheral blood and vitreous humor samples. The stability of 4-CMC was determined in postmortem blood samples (for a period of 90 days) and vitreous humor (30 days) at three different temperatures: −15°C, +4°C, and + 23°C. The analyses were carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). In both materials, the lowest 4-CMC stability was demonstrated at room temperature. The blood samples stored in a freezer (−15°C) showed stability for the entire study period (90 days), while in the case of the vitreous humor sample stored at the same temperature the concentration of the substance decreased by 53% after 30 days. The study carried out in authentic postmortem blood and vitreous humor samples confirms the previous reports of 4-CMC instability in biological material. Authors suggest that the biological material should be stored frozen until analyses are carried out as soon as possible after collection of the material.     

Red Tape,Rule Burden,and Legitimate Performance Trade-Offs: Results from a Vignette Experiment

Abstract

Goals in the public sector are complex and managers can face situations in which pursuing one legitimate goal necessitates performance trade-offs in other areas. This study tests how knowledge of legitimate performance trade-offs shapes the perception of red tape. Using a vignette experimental design and a sample of university students, between group t-tests and regression analyses suggest that, when evaluating increased rule burden, individuals that are provided with information about how objectively burdensome rules serve alternative values such as equity and effectiveness associate them with lower levels of red tape. A series of Monte Carlo simulations suggest that this effect is substantial.     

中华鳖全血呼吸爆发化学发光检测方法的建立

为进一步研究中华鳖的先天免疫能力及其机理,以酵母多糖为吞噬底物,通过对鲁米诺浓度、全血稀释度和检测温度等条件的优化,建立了中华鳖全血呼吸爆发的化学发光检测方法,并用此方法对放置不同时间的全血和稀释血液进行了呼吸爆发检测效果的比较。结果表明,鲁米诺浓度为1×10-4mol/L,检测温度为31.5℃时,以0.4~0.8μL/mL的中华鳖全血进行检测可获得理想效果。保存6 d的全血仍可检测到呼吸爆发,稀释全血放置30 h后不再产生呼吸爆发。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒陕西分离株M蛋白基因的变异及其B细胞表位稳定性

以陕西8株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(AIBV)分离株M蛋白的基因序列为基础,应用DNAStar软件中的MegAlign模块对其进行了同源性分析;用Kyte-Doolittle方法、Jameson-Wolf方法、Karplus-Schulz方法、Plot-Emini方法和Garnier-Robson方法综合预测了其中4株代表毒株的M蛋白B细胞抗原表位和二级结构。结果,8株AIBV的M蛋白主要在10~40 aa和90~175 aa处存在无规律的点突变,与参考毒株H52、M41、SAIB20、LX和Gray的M蛋白的核苷酸序列和预测的氨基酸序列的同源性分别介于87.4%~99.5%和96.3%~99.5%;分离株间的核苷酸序列和预测的氨基酸序列同源性分别介于91.8%~99.8%和95.4%~100%。4株代表株的M蛋白B细胞优势抗原表位都在159~164 aa和181~193 aa肽段区(这2个区域都包含了无规则卷曲和β-转角结构)或其附近。结果表明,AIBV分离株的M蛋白基因相对保守,只存在无规律的点突变,该变异对AIBV M蛋白B细胞表位的稳定性无影响。     

电针对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及脑血流量的影响

目的：观察电针对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia，VD）模型大鼠学习记忆能力和局部服血流量（regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF )的影响。方法：用双侧颈总动脉反复缺血－再灌注结合腹腔注射硝普钠法，并配合行为学测试确定模型。术后7d电针百会、大椎、足三里（双）治疗。用跳台法评价各组大鼠不同时期的学习记忆能力，治疗后测定各组大鼠顶叶有海马rCBF。结果：VD大鼠在电针治疗后的行为学测试成绩明显提高（P＜0．01），其低下的大脑顶叶及海马rCBF水平明显改善（P＜0．01）。结论：电针对VD大鼠的学习记忆能力有显的改善作用；电针能促使机体低灌流的缺血服组织灌流水平恢复，可能有助于与学习记忆相关的传导环路的修复。     

狗舌草提取物诱导淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞分化的研究

以单猪屎豆碱(MO)、槲皮素(QU)和环磷酰胺(CY)为参照,观察了狗舌草600 mL/L乙醇提取物(EX)对淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞体外试验的形态变化;利用流式细胞术,从DNA分子水平上检查了EX对L1210细胞各周期相的影响,探讨EX对L1210细胞的分化机理。结果发现,EX能够使L1210细胞向淋巴细胞方向发展;经EX作用24 h后,L1210细胞G0 G1期的百分比较对照组明显升高。提示EX对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用可能是由于G1期的阻滞所致。     

FSH对仔猪睾丸支持细胞增殖和GDNF表达的调节

以原代培养的仔猪睾丸支持细胞(SC)为试验模型,研究了FSH对SC胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)表达及其增殖的影响。结果显示,外源性添加FSH可促进GDNF蛋白表达,而且这种促进作用具有浓度和时间依赖关系,GDNF蛋白水平随着FSH浓度的增加而升高,当FSH浓度为50 ng/mL时,GDNF水平达到最高,然后逐渐降低;FSH(50 ng/mL)作用30 min,可显著促进GDNF蛋白的表达(P<0.05),当FSH作用1 h时,GDNF蛋白水平达到最高,随后逐渐降低。FSH可以时间-剂量依赖性促进SC增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,FSH(50 ng/mL)作用30 min时,PCNA的表达显著增加(P<0.05),作用1 h达极显著水平(P<0.01),至2 h时,PCNA蛋白的表达水平达到最高,随后逐渐降低。提示,FSH可在体外条件下通过刺激SC表达GDNF进而促进其增殖。     

血液样品中乙醇稳定性的实验研究

目的考察在不同存放条件下含乙醇的血液样品中乙醇浓度的变化情况。方法采用顶空-气相色谱法,以异丙醇为内标,对存放条件不同的血液样品中乙醇进行检测。结果冷冻(-10℃)条件存放1至30天,血液样品中乙醇含量无显著变化;冷藏(4℃)条件存放1至30天,血液样品中乙醇含量变化不显著;室温(28℃~33℃)条件存放1至30天,血液样品中乙醇含量显著改变。结论含有乙醇的血液样品,在冷冻、冷藏条件下可较稳定的存放30天;在室温条件下存放30天血液样品中乙醇浓度发生显著变化,不可在此条件下存放。     

猪血管内皮细胞体外生长特性的研究

试验以体外分离培养的猪血管内皮细胞为材料 ,研究了细胞的生长曲线、不同基础培养基对细胞生长的影响及胰岛素在生长液中的适宜含量。结果表明 ,传代猪血管内皮细胞接种后有1d左右的滞留期 ,然后细胞进入对数生长期 ,可持续 2d ,第 5d进入平台期 ,第 8d细胞开始脱落死亡 ;与MEM相比 ,M 199更适合于用作培养猪血管内皮细胞的基础培养基 ;在不用贴附基质和内皮细胞生长因子 (ECGF)的条件下 ,生长液中加入胰岛素 ,可明显促进细胞的生长和增殖 ,胰岛素的最适用量为 8μg/mL。