Small arms and light weapons: the disjunction problem

ABSTRACT

Growing in range and urgency, humanitarian needs now pose increasingly acute questions for national security policy formulation. Whether over forced migration, food scarcity or nefarious electronic penetration, state security preferences face uneasy accommodations with individual needs be it for child survival, basic sustenance or rights to privacy. This paper deliberates a further field of increasingly apparent value contest: that involving the transfer, diversion and lethal use of small arms and light weapons (SALW). After outlining the scale of this phenomenon, existing regulatory mechanisms over SALW transfers are assessed. It is argued that these controls are inadequate, a deficiency that is embedded within a range of inter-linked disjunctions. They are outlined in a model that is evaluated against empirical findings. Where SALW control inadequacy is causally connected to the disjunctive model, it is argued, current levels of SALW-induced casualties are unlikely to abate. The paper concludes by considering feasible options for enhanced management of global SALW proliferation.     

基于金融约束论的六盘山连片特困地区金融政策差别化问题研究——以宁夏片区为例

资金匮乏是六盘山连片特殊困难地区发展的最大困扰之一,执行全国高度统一的金融政策意味着竞争力相对低下的连片特困贫困地区面临进一步资金紧约束.制订全国统一性前提下适度区域差别化金融政策符合我国金融政策的最终目标.     

超期董事所实施的法律行为事实上具有表见代理的效力

董事无限制的超期任职,从表现而言妨害了股东选举董事的自由意志,而深层次则是剥夺了股东对董事会乃至公司的控制权,对股东利益构成潜在威胁,因此,应当限制董事超期任职行为。     

An ice cream war: Bundling,tying, and foreclosure

Ice cream markets in Europe are characterized by vertical restraints of varying degrees of restrictiveness. Mars, an entrant to the market, sought to establish in a court action and in a complaint to the European Union Commission that the dominant incumbent, Unilever, had acted with the object and effect of foreclosing the market in Ireland by bundling the price of ice cream and freezer services and restricting retailers to stocking Unilever product alone in freezers supplied by them. This article applies a model of bundling, tying, and foreclosure developed by M.D. Whinston to demonstrate that it would not have been rational for Unilever to attempt to foreclose the market by means of these restrictions and therefore that the Commission was not justified in obliging Unilever to accept the changes imposed on it.With apologies to William Boyd.     

关于东北亚区域经济合作的若干思考

东北亚地区虽有各种合作优势,但其经济合作明显落后于世界其他经济合作组织。今后,应结合具体形势,采取相应的措施,积极推进东北亚区域经济合作。     

论婚姻权利的法律限度

婚姻权利是现代法的内容之一。婚姻权利是权利人依法享有的以结婚权、配偶权和离婚权为内容的,发生人身效力和财产效力的民事权利,是配偶身份利益的法律保障,是婚姻家庭制度的核心内容。婚姻权利的行使对于权利个体及社会都须有必要的限度。具体表现为其一,为保护权利相对人的限度;其二,为保护公共利益的限度。只有对婚姻权利的限度有深刻的理解与认识,才可能实现法律设立的价值与目的,并充分发挥其社会功效。     

论《治安管理处罚法》对警察权的约束

警察权是国家职能的重要组成部分，在法治国家的原则下，建设和谐社会，必然要求警察权依法行使、对警察权实施法律约束。《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》从立法目的、法律原则、治安管理处罚权限、处罚程序及治安管理处罚执法监督等方面对警察权进行法律约束。遵守这些约束是正确实施《治安管理处罚法》的关键。     

转售价格维持的反垄断法分析

对于转售价格维持行为,传统反垄断法上强调其便利零售卡特尔以及生产商卡特尔等负面效果,因而长期适用本身违法规则。2007年美国最高法院的Leegin案判决则改而采用合理规则,这对我国《反垄断法》第14条、第15条的实施具有重大的启发意义。但另一方面,合理规则的适用十分复杂,因而应当在进行合理性分析之前,先对相关市场的情况进行考察,以明确该行为是否符合产生反竞争效果的结构条件,对于不满足这些条件的行为,则认定其合法,而不需要进行进一步的合理性分析。这样可以大大减少需要进行深入分析的案件的范围,简化合理规则的适用,并为经营者提供明确的指引。     

Exclusive Safeguards and Technology Transfer: Subcontracting Agreements in Eastern Europe's Car Component Industry

We study the rationale for the use of exclusivity to protect transfer of technology in subcontracting agreements. The legal possibility arises through the EU Notice on Subcontracting. Empirically, the link between exclusive agreements and technology transfer among firms in the automotive supply industry in EU candidate countries is surprisingly weak, although with exclusive-supply or exclusive-buying clauses in subcontracting agreements upstream transfer of technology is more likely. Exclusive agreements are often reciprocal, and are typically passed on. Downstream firms are more likely to face and use vertical restraints. Technology trickles upstream: Multinational final assemblers transfer more technology than lower-tier suppliers.     

论对刑事不起诉的制约

检察机关的刑事不起诉 ,对于节约司法资源、减轻人民法院审理压力等方面有着积极的意义 ,但不起诉行为的不当使用又会破坏法制、放纵犯罪 ,所以实践中对其进行制约是很有必要的。与国外较为成熟的不起诉制约的几种制度相比 ,我国建立起了具有中国特色的刑事不起诉制约机制 ,但不尽完善 ,特别是在人民法院的作用、被害人的自诉条件范围及不起诉善后事宜的处置等方面需要作进一步的理论总结和实践探索。