排序方式: 共有15条查询结果,搜索用时 583 毫秒
1.
Lila Kazemian David P. Farrington Marc Le Blanc 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):384-400
This study consists of a comparative analysis of patterns of de-escalation between ages 17–18 and 32, based on data from two
well-known prospective longitudinal studies, the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (a study of 411 working-class males
in London) and the Montreal Two Samples Longitudinal Study (a sample of 470 adjudicated French-Canadian males). Analyses focus
on within-individual change, with individuals serving as their own controls. In this regard, the magnitude of measured change
is relative to the past degree of involvement in offending. These results are contrasted with predictors of between-individual
differences in offending behavior at age 32. We investigate the respective roles of cognitive predispositions and social bonds
in the prediction of patterns of de-escalation, and assess whether it is possible to make relatively long-term predictions
(over a 15-year period) about offending in adulthood. Findings suggest that traditional measures of social bonds and cognitive
predispositions measured at age 17–18 are generally weak predictors of de-escalation up to age 32. However, these measures
are stronger predictors of between-individual differences in offending gravity. These findings highlight the difficulties
in making accurate long-term predictions about changes in individual offending patterns early in the criminal career.
Lila Kazemian is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She received her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include life-course and developmental research, desistance from crime, comparative criminology, and offender reentry. David P. Farrington Farrington is a professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Cambridge. His research interests include criminal career research, juvenile delinquency, violent offending, and crime prevention. Marc Le Blanc is an emeritus professor in the Department of Psychoeducation at Université de Montréal. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Université de Montréal. His research interests include criminological theory, longitudinal research, juvenile justice, and intervention among juvenile delinquents. 相似文献
Marc Le BlancEmail: |
Lila Kazemian is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She received her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include life-course and developmental research, desistance from crime, comparative criminology, and offender reentry. David P. Farrington Farrington is a professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Cambridge. His research interests include criminal career research, juvenile delinquency, violent offending, and crime prevention. Marc Le Blanc is an emeritus professor in the Department of Psychoeducation at Université de Montréal. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Université de Montréal. His research interests include criminological theory, longitudinal research, juvenile justice, and intervention among juvenile delinquents. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Desistance from crime has been of increasing interest within criminal justice literature, but desistance from offending behaviour whilst in custodial environments has not yet been investigated. Violence within prison establishments continues to be a significant problem; therefore, this study investigated the factors that are associated with desistance from custodial violence in 63 UK Category C adult male prisoners with a record of violence in prison. Participants completed measures of eight social and subjective factors associated with desistance in community samples. Those who had desisted from prison violence for 12 months or more showed greater levels of pro-social attitudes, agency and resilience than those who persisted in violence. Agency independently predicted desistance and this was particularly the case for younger offenders. Internal shifts appeared to be supported by a positive work environment. It is concluded that in custody an internal shift in perspective is especially important for desistance, and that this can be supported by the social environment. Opportunities to intervene may be greater in younger prisoners. It is recommended that current initiatives in developing agency and positive social interaction, such as Psychologically Informed Planned Environments, are further developed. 相似文献
5.
Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik 《Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention》2013,14(2):94-114
This study addresses how and why individuals in Somalia get involved in piracy activities, and how and why some of these individuals eventually disengage from such criminal groups. Based on qualitative interviews with 16 ex-pirates and pirate associates and a number of other locals and experts, the study provides first-hand insights into some of the conditions, circumstances, and processes which may serve to discourage involvement and continued engagement in piracy. Furthermore, it analyses factors and circumstances which may encourage and facilitate disengagement from these criminal activities and reintegration into non-criminal economic activities and social relationships. The lack of employment and livelihood motivated individuals to engage in piracy. However, disappointment about the lack of expected profit, coupled with the prospect of a licit income, influenced some to end their piracy involvement. Another important factor was the strong statements by local Muslim leaders that piracy was haram (forbidden). This was often reinforced by family and community objections to their involvement in piracy. Family members also played important roles in facilitating their disengagement. The ‘Alternative Livelihood to Piracy’ project played a positive role in facilitating disengagement from piracy, working closely with local religious leaders and the communities. 相似文献
6.
Devon L. L. Polaschek 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2016,22(1-2):171-189
ABSTRACTDepending on definitions, dynamic risk factors and desistance are either highly intertwined or aligned with distinctly separate paradigms. This paper describes and critiques each concept, and then reviews research on how they may be linked, including some preliminary findings from a longitudinal study of the early phases of desistance in high-risk offenders. I argue that seeking to understand how reductions in dynamic risk work together with the development of the psychological components of desistance will shed the most light on how offenders move from persistence to the maintenance of desistance. 相似文献
7.
The study of desistance from crime has come of age in recent years, and there are now several, competing theories to account for the ability of long-term offenders to abstain from criminal behavior. Most prominently, recent explanations have borrowed elements from informal social control theory, differential association theory and cognitive psychology. In the following, we argue that labeling theory may be a neglected factor in understanding the desistance process. Drawing on interview data collected as part of a study of an offender reintegration program, we illustrate how the idea of the “looking-glass self-concept” and others is a useful metaphor in understanding the process of rehabilitation or recovery in treatment programs. 相似文献
8.
Monica Barry 《Critical Criminology》2007,15(2):185-198
Neither the literature on offending nor that on desistance adequately explains the short-term nature of youth offending, young
people’s propensity to desist from offending as they reach early adulthood and the importance of youth transitions in helping
or hindering young people’s access to legitimate and conventional opportunities and responsibilities. It is suggested in this
article that the three phases of offending—onset, maintenance and desistance—run parallel courses with the three phases of
youth transitions—childhood, youth and adulthood and that both these processes are influenced by discrepancies in levels of
capital for young people at each stage. In a recent Scottish study of desistance, Bourdieu’s concepts of capital are used
to demonstrate the commonalities between youth offending and youth transitions and to better understand young people’s search
for integration and recognition—whether this be through offending or conventionality. The article concludes that the concepts
of capital and youth transitions could both be employed more usefully in the field of criminology to explain the transient
nature of offending in youth and the greater likelihood of desistance once legitimate and sustainable opportunities are found
to spend as well as to accumulate capital in early adulthood.
相似文献
Monica BarryEmail: |
9.
Shawn D. Bushway Gary Sweeten Paul Nieuwbeerta 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2009,25(3):259-286
Criminal career researchers and developmental criminologists have identified describing individual trajectories of offending
over time as a key research question. In response, recently various statistical methods have been developed and used to describe
individual offending patterns over the life-course. Two approaches that are prominent in the current literature are standard
growth curve modeling (GCM) and group-based trajectory models (GTM). The goal of this paper is to explore ways in which these
different models with different sets of assumptions, do in fact lead to different outcomes on individual trajectories. Using
a particularly rich dataset, the criminal career and life-course study, we estimate a unique trajectory for each individual
in the sample using the GCM and GTM. We also estimate separate trajectories for each individual directly using the long time
series. We then compare these three separate trajectories for each individual. We find that the average trajectories obtained
from the different approaches match each other. However, for any given individual, these approaches tell very different stories.
For example, each method identifies a rather different set of individuals as desistors. This comparison highlights the strengths
and weaknesses of each approach, and more broadly, it reveals the uncertainty involved with measuring long term patterns of
change in latent propensity to commit crimes.
相似文献
Shawn D. BushwayEmail: |
10.
Michael Massoglia 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2006,22(3):215-239
Research has devoted substantial attention to patterns of offending during the transition to early adulthood. While changes in offending rates are extensively researched, considerably less attention is devoted to shifts in the type of offending displayed during the transition to adulthood. Changes in the type of offending behavior suggest a pattern of “displacement” or shifts between various types of crime, rather than desistance from deviant behavior. In this paper, I integrate methods previously developed in stratification research and use longitudinal data from the National Survey of Youth that span the transition to adulthood to examine the extent to which desistance and displacement of deviant behavior are defining attributes of offending during the transition to early adulthood. The findings indicate that while desistance is clearly present, altering patterns of offending, or within-person displacement, rather than termination of illicit activity is most evident in the data.
相似文献
Michael MassogliaEmail: |