消渴灵对糖尿病大鼠的实验研究

为研究消渴灵治疗糖尿病的作用机理，用消渴灵治疗实验性糖尿病大鼠。四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病大鼠的血糖，胆固醇，血清过氧化脂质普遍升高；根皮苷所致糖尿病大鼠尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸也明显升高。病理观察，肾小球毛细血管基底膜增厚。消渴灵治疗后，上述各项指标均恢复正常，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）用药前后变化无显著差异。实验表明消渴灵通过降低血糖，调节脂质代谢紊乱，改善肾功能等多方面发挥治疗糖尿病的作用。     

Expressions of IL -1α, IL -1β and IL -13 mRNA in Lung Tissue and Serum of Rats Drown in Fresh WaterCSCD

Objective: To detect the changes of (interleukin, IL)-1α, IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in lung tissue and serum of drown rats, and to explore the potential value for the diagnosis of drowning in forensic practice. Methods: Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into drowning group, blank control group and myocardial infarction group (as control group). The serum of right ventricular, the inferior lobe of right lung and the myocardium were taken from the rats in different groups. The expressions of IL- 1α, IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in the lung tissue and the serum of right ventricular were detected by TaqMan probe method. Results: The expression differences of IL-1α, IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in lung tissue between drowning group and blank control group, myocardial infarction group were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The expression of IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in serum of right ventricular increased (P<0.05). The expression differences of IL-1α, IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in serum between blank control group and myocardial infarction group were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The changes of cytokines IL-1βand IL-13 mRNA in the serum of right ventricular of drown rats are statistical significance, which are highly correlated with drowning. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Relationship between the Change Rules of Volatile Organic Compounds in Rat Muscle and Postmortem IntervalCSCD

Objective: To explore the relationship between the change rules of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in rat muscle and postmortem interval (PMI). Methods: A total of 120 healthy rats were divided randomly into 12 groups (10 for each group). After the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the bodies were kept at (25±1) ℃ Rat muscle samples were separately obtained at 12 PMI points, including 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 d. The VOCs in rat muscles were collected, detected and ana-lyzed by headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spec-trometer (GC-MS). Results: In total, 15 species of VOCs were identified, including 9 aromatic compounds, 3 sulfur compounds, 2 aliphatic acids and 1 heterocyclic compound. The species of VOCs increased with PMI: no species were detected within 1 day, 3 species were detected on day 2, 9 on day 3, 11 on day 4, 14 from day 5 to 7, and 15 from day 8 to 10. Total peak area of 15 species of VOCs was significantly correlated to PMI (adjusted R2=0.15-0.96): the regression function was y=-17.05 x2+164.36x-246.36 (adjusted R2=0.96) from day 2 to 5, and y=2.24x+101.13 (adjusted R2=0.97) from day 6 to 10. Conclusion: The change rules of VOCs in rat muscle are helpful for PMI estimation. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Interactions between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methamphetamine, ketamine, and caffeine in human intestinal Caco-2 cells and in oral administration to rats

Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) are often abused orally in the form of tablets for recreational purposes. The ATS tablets contain one or more active ingredients such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine (MA), ketamine (KA), and caffeine (CF). The aim of this work is to determine whether such components in tablets interact with each other in intestinal absorption. The interactions between MDMA, MA, KA, and CF in the uptake and permeation by human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line were investigated in monolayer cultures. MDMA, MA, and KA mutually inhibited the uptakes by Caco-2 cells. The inhibition of MA uptake by KA was the greatest of all combinations (72.6% inhibition). Similarly, MDMA, MA, and KA mutually inhibited the permeation from the apical to the basolateral side through Caco-2 cells. Although CF did not affect the uptakes of MDMA, MA, and KA, CF enhanced the permeation of MDMA in comparison to MDMA alone. In addition, the interaction of MA with KA and that of MDMA with CF in intestinal absorption were investigated by oral administration to rats. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve of MA significantly decreased by co-administration with KA in comparison to MA alone, while that of MDMA significantly increased by co-administration with CF in comparison to MDMA alone. The results in rats were similar to those in Caco-2 cells. These findings suggest that the intestinal absorption of similar compounds with amine moieties such as MDMA, MA, and KA are mediated by a common transport system, and that CF affects the absorption of MDMA in a different way from the transport system. In human, intakes of ATS tablets mixed with such components might result in similar interactions in intestinal absorption to those in Caco-2 cells and rats.     

HPLC-MS/MS法检测大鼠体内氟胺酮及其代谢物动态分布规律

目的 研究氟胺酮及其代谢物(去甲氟胺酮)在大鼠体内动态分布规律,为涉氟胺酮死亡案件法医学鉴定提供实验依据.方法 将104只SD大鼠随机分为13组,1组作为空白对照组,其余12组,禁食12h,经腹腔注射0.09mg/kg氟胺酮后,分别在不同时间点(15min、30min、45min、60min、90min、120min、...     

2'-氯地西泮及其代谢物的药代动力学特征的LC/MS研究

目的利用液质联用法研究2’-氯地西泮及其代谢物在大鼠体内的药代动力学规律。方法SD大鼠经灌胃给药2’-氯地西泮2.625mg/kg,给药后采集不同时间的血样。蛋白沉淀法处理血浆样品后,进样分析。结果2’-氯地西泮及其代谢物在给药后1h均达到最高血药浓度。2’-氯地西泮在大鼠体内的半衰期约为93h,在给药后144h均能检测到。3种代谢产物地洛西泮、氯甲西泮、劳拉西泮在大鼠血浆的检出时限分别24h、144h、48h。结论2’-氯地西泮在大鼠体内吸收较快,半衰期较长,原体药物和代谢物在大鼠体内的检测窗口均较长。该研究可为临床救治2’-氯地西泮中毒患者以及相关案件的侦破提供一定的实验依据。