Violent Punjab,quiescent Bengal,and the partition of India

Why did the Punjab bear the brunt of the mass violence and the migration that accompanied the partition of India? This paper makes the case for analytical eclecticism by showing that the following three explanations – centred respectively on democratisation, nationalism, and ideas; the commitment problem; and the security dilemma – account for the violence/migration in the different stages in the run-up to the partition of India. Instead of arguing that ‘everything mattered’, this paper elucidates the complex causality at work by demonstrating how these factors interacted with one another during the different stages leading to India’s partition.     

Forensic Application of Analytical Mechanics in Fatal Fall From a Height

Fatal fall from a height initiated with a swinging motion on the sagittal plane of the victim's body is examined. Method of analytical mechanics is adopted to establish the functional relations between the swinging angle of the body and the force needed to sustain the body until release, and the amount of the horizontal displacement that would occur after release. The analysis is applied to support an expert opinion presented in a criminal court in which two accused were convicted of murder for dropping a female victim from a bridge. The results indicate that it is unlikely for the body to locate as recorded by the police investigation report in the case. This study demonstrates that a straightforward mechanical analysis can be utilized to examine uncommon falling scenarios.     

Effect of Wind on Horizontal Displacement of Fatal Fall from a Height

The horizontal displacement of the human body resulting from fatal fall from a height is an important variable commonly used to inversely determine the cause or identify other forensic aspects of the fall. When examining the horizontal displacement, the wind effect is generally ignored. This technical note reports analytical modeling of the falling process, utilizing previous measurements of wind force acting on the human body, for determining the functional relationship between the wind speed and the horizontal displacement in the falling process. The result reveals that it does not take extremely rare wind conditions to cause a considerable shift of the human body, highlighting the importance to consider wind as a factor in investigations of fatal falls.     

经济分析理论对涉税犯罪案件侦查之导引

经济理论中的数理分析理论运用到对涉税犯罪案件的侦查中来,可用成本公式“收入-成本= 利润”对涉税犯罪案件的作案手法、证据搜集和线索作分析、确认,从而为经济犯罪侦查人员提供一种新的侦查方法,为涉税犯罪案件侦查创造一种新的思路。     

涉黑涉恶案件审判警务保障风险解析与防控

涉黑涉恶案件审判的特殊性决定了司法警察警务保障风险表现为:未能将被告人安全、及时押解至法院,未能对羁押待审被告人实施有效看守、管理,未能保障法庭的正常审判秩序和人员安全,未能规范执行警务。为减少涉黑涉恶案件审判警务保障风险,司法警察应树立预防为主、艺术决策、多举并进、以警为本的防控理念,并加强远程押解、院外审判看管和值庭、规范化执法风险的防控措施。     

A Comparative Assessment of Elite Policy Recruits in Canada

Recent case studies and large-N survey evidence has confirmed long-suspected shortages of public sector “policy capacity”. Studies have found that government policy workers in various jurisdictions differ considerably with respect to types of policy work they undertake, and have identified uneven capacity for policy workers to access and apply technical and scientific knowledge to public issues. This suggests considerable difficulties for government’s ability to meet contemporary policy and governance challenges. Despite growing attention to these matters, studies have not examined the “elite” policy workers many governments recruit to address these capacity shortages. Using an established survey instrument, this study of two Canadian recruitment programs provides the first comparative analysis of elite policy recruits, as policy workers. Three research questions anchor the study: (1) What is the profile of these actors? (2) What types of policy work do “elite” policy analysts actually engage in? (3) How does their policy work compare by recruitment program? The article provides fresh comparative data on the nature of elite policy work and policy analytical capacity, but, more importantly, a crucial baseline for future comparative study of how elite recruitment may facilitate “supply-side” capacity gains expected from recruitment programs.     

恶法非法论

恶法非法论是自然法学派的一项著名的理论。自古希腊至近当代,自然法学家始终坚定地认为,法有自然法与实在法之分。实在法如果违背自然法的要求,就是恶法,而恶法不是法律。恶法非法论从法哲学的高度论证了人民拥有反抗暴政的权力,是一种激进的、革命的理论。公民反抗恶法的基本方式是公民不服从,它是一种公开的、非暴力的群体性抗法行为,其目的是为了改变或废除所反对的法律。任何一个正义的社会,都应该承认公民不服从的正当性。     

转型期中国行政审批制度改革研究的利益-制度分析框架

转型期我国行政审批制度改革中相关利益主体间的利益冲突和利益博弈在短期内导致了制度创新行为的出现,在长期则表现为行政审批制度的演进和变迁。行政审批制度改革的利益-制度分析框架从利益冲突和制度变迁的双重视角研究我国行政审批制度改革问题。利益-制度分析框架描述了行政审批制度改革中的利益冲突和制度变迁相互依存和相互制约的关系,一方面,利益冲突是制度变迁的原因和内在动力,制度变迁是利益冲突的结果和表现形式;另一方面,利益冲突决定了行政审批制度改革的方向、进程、形式及其战略选择,而一定时期内的行政审批制度则约束了各利益主体的行为,为利益冲突提供了既定的博弈规则和框架。     

刍议法律的经济分析理论结构

法律的经济分析理论自产生发展至今,已成为法学理论的一个重要分支,要想正确认识和运用这一理论,必须对其理论结构进行详细的研究。法律的经济分析理论结构包括四个方面,即法律的经济分析理论的内涵、法律的经济分析理论的哲学基础、法律的经济分析遵循的原则、法律的经济分析的方法和基本定理。     

解析社区服务发展不平衡的一个理论分析框架

社区服务发展的不平衡与其中涉及到的行动者、行动情境和社区特性、社会资本、社区服务的相关制度规则有关,并根据经验观察构建了一个分析社区服务的理论框架,确定了影响社区服务发展不平衡的两个变量体系,对各变量进行了逐一解释和规范分析,进一步提出了四个命题和两个动力的理论以解释社区服务发展不平衡的生成机制,探求实现社区服务的有效供给和持续发展的制度基础。