关于汉语普通话元音声学特点的研究

文章主要研究了标准普通话中9个元音发音的声学特征,特别是共振峰模式、特点及共振峰频率的目标值,进而分析了不同发音人之间的共振峰差异情况。总体而言,利用每个元音的前四个共振峰进行话者鉴别时,元音/a/和/i/的话者区分率最高,元音/u/的话者区分率最低,其他元音居中。     

大众传媒中歧视问题探究

大众传媒对当前信息传播的重要影响毋庸置疑,由于其宣称的独立性,以及站在政治和商业权力的对立面而受到普遍的赞誉。但在这个貌似公正无私外表的掩饰下,媒体却对现实社会中众多的“歧视”观念的产生和延续有着不可推卸的责任。     

现实社会中性别意识的盲点

用性别意识的眼光审视我们的现实社会 ,会发现无论是在社会参与上、大众传媒中 ,还是广大公众中都不同程度地存在着性别意识的盲点或误区。这些盲点或误区已严重影响女性发展 ,阻碍社会进步 ,因此我们不能等闲视之。     

COMMUNITY ACCOUNTABILITY,MINORITY THREAT,AND POLICE BRUTALITY: AN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS*

A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hypothesis and the threat hypothesis, we tested the predictions of two prominent structural‐level explanations of police brutality in a study of civil rights criminal complaints. The study included cities of 150,000+ population (n = 114). The findings reveal that two community accountability variables—ratio percent Hispanic citizens to percent Hispanic police officers and the presence of citizen review—were related positively to police brutality complaints, partially supporting that perspective. Two threat hypothesis measures of threatening people—percent black and percent Hispanic (in the Southwest)—were related positively to complaints, as predicted. The relative degree of support for the two hypotheses is assessed.     

Herzl on discrimination in Der Judenstaat

Theodor Herzl published his programmatic book The Jewish State in February 1896. Central to it was the discrimination (and hatred) commonly known as anti-Semitism. Herzl viewed anti-Semitism as the heart of the Jewish Question but also as the potential motivator for Jews to achieve a Jewish state. Herzl's analysis of anti-Semitic discrimination is in many aspects similar to present sociological theories of middle-class minorities. His discussion of the economic aspects is compared with Gary Becker's theory of discrimination, and similarities as well as differences are pointed out.     

就业平等权的法律保护

形形色色的就业歧视现象说明,目前我国公民的就业平等权保护不足。这种情况不利于维护我国法律的权威,不利于维护稳定的法治秩序,也不符合就业平等权保护的国际化潮流。应当从我国实际情况出发,借鉴其他国家的经验,加强对公民就业平等权的法律保护,为此需要从完善立法、加强执法、司法等方面采取有效措施。     

妇女就业中遭受“隐性歧视”问题的成因及对策浅析

妇女在就业中遭受"隐性歧视",已成为阻碍妇女成为先进生产力创造者的社会问题.真正解决这一问题,首先,要从根本上转变传统观念,树立科学的男女平等观,鼓励妇女从家庭的束缚中解脱出来,这是消除就业"隐性歧视"的根本;其次,要致力于提高妇女文化素质、心理素质,使妇女有实力去竞争合适的岗位,这是消除就业"隐性歧视"的关键;最后,要健全保障妇女就业的政策法规,制定具体的、切实可行的监督管理措施,使侵犯妇女平等就业权利的行为能够受到严厉惩处,这是消除就业"隐性歧视"的保障.     

农民工权益保护问题研究

改革开放20多年来,我国农村剩余劳动力向城市转移呈逐步加快趋势。从2002年至今,每年拥入城市的农村劳动力大约1亿人。随之而来,中国出现了一个游离于城市边缘的特殊群体———农民工。由于历史与现实的诸多因素,农民工权益被损害现象十分突出,此问题应予以足够重视,使这一弱势群体的利益得到切实保障。     

‘They treat us like criminals’: urban public spaces and ethnic discrimination in Italy

Mantovan’s article analyses the processes that lead to discrimination against migrants in the public spaces of Italy’s towns. Her analysis is based on a three-year research project conducted in northeastern Italy using mixed methods—ethnographic observation, semi-structured interviews, a press review, an analysis of relevant documentation and data collection—and remaining constantly in touch with research conducted in various Italian cities. Starting from an idea of a city whose evolution is the product of alliances, conflicts, active networks of individuals and their respective competing interests, Mantovan sheds light on how discrimination against immigrants in Italy’s urban public spaces is the result of a process of social construction implemented by a number of social actors (journalists, citizens’ committees, politicians and police forces) who represent the visible presence of migrants in these public spaces as deviant and unlawful, especially if they are undocumented immigrants and/or of low socio-economic status. She also argues for the importance of taking into consideration the contribution of economic and political dynamics, both global and national, to the generation of these phenomena by interacting with those at the local level.     

Decision-Making in court: Observing the sentencing of men and women

Abstract

Using systematic observation together with an analysis of the relevant court and criminal records this research examined the processing and sentencing of a small number of male and female defendants in an English magistrates' court. The findings indicate that sentencing was indirectly affected by a defendant's sex and directly affected by at least one aspect of a defendant's demeanour. These results provide support for the view that combining systematic observation with an analysis of court records offers a more effective means of investigating the differential treatment of male and female defendants than either unsystematic observational studies or the analysis of court records alone.