肌肉电导率和pH两指标联用推断死亡时间

目的探讨肌肉浸渍液电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)、pH两指标联用在PMI推断上的意义。方法 SD大鼠处死后,保存在25℃环境中,于不同PMI提取大鼠后肢肌肉制备匀浆液,测定浸渍液EC和pH。分析EC、pH两指标联合使用推断PMI的意义。结果 EC、pH两指标随PMI均呈现阶段性变化:1d内,pH明显下降,EC无明显变化;2~3d,EC、pH均快速增大;4~10d,EC继续增大,而pH变化不明显。EC、pH联合使用,有助于划分PMI时段,以及特定时段内指标的优化:1d内,选择pH最佳,2~3d,EC、pH联用最佳,4~10d,选择EC最佳。结论 EC、pH联用有助于提高PMI推断的准确性。     

电流损伤的病理生理学及发生机制研究的新进展

探讨电流损伤的发生机制及病理生理学改变,阐述电流的热效应与非热效应引起机体各器官病理学和病理生理学变化,揭示非热效应的选择性决定了远离触电点的脏器损伤,而临床上和法医实践中见到的损伤则是二者共同作用的结果,这给临床清创带来困难,法医学实践中无电流斑的死因推断也无从下手,由此阐明电流损伤的病理生理学和发生机制是非常重要的。     

欧盟电子废弃物指令适用范围探析

欧盟的电子废弃物指令(包括WEEE指令和RoHS指令)是目前影响范围最广、适用电子电气设备种类最多的电子废弃物管理法,不论从对欧贸易的角度来说,还是从我国自身立法的角度来看,都应对其认真研究.目前,国内对这两个指令的研究已经展开,但是对其适用范围尚缺乏系统深入的探究,本文准备弥补这一空白.     

废旧家电回收利用主体法律责任比较研究

废旧家电回收利用,将会对环境及资源产生很大的影响,回收利用不同主体法律责任的承担是回收利用过程中的关键问题,成为研究废旧家电回收利用问题的一个重要的课题。发达国家在废旧家电立法方面走在世界的前列,借鉴发达国家的立法经验,结合我国的国情及立法现状,对我国废旧家电回收利用主体法律责任立法进行研究显得尤为必要。     

Soilwater Conductivity Analysis to Date and Locate Clandestine Graves of Homicide Victims

In homicide investigations, it is critically important that postmortem interval and postburial interval (PBI) of buried victims are determined accurately. However, clandestine graves can be difficult to locate; and the detection rates for a variety of search methods (ranging from simple ground probing through to remote imaging and near‐surface geophysics) can be very low. In this study, simulated graves of homicide victims were emplaced in three sites with contrasting soil types, bedrock, and depositional environments. The long‐term monthly in situ monitoring of grave soil water revealed rapid increases in conductivity up to 2 years after burial, with the longest study evidencing declining values to background levels after 4.25 years. Results were corrected for site temperatures and rainfall to produce generic models of fluid conductivity as a function of time. The research suggests soilwater conductivity can give reliable PBI estimates for clandestine burials and therefore be used as a grave detection method.     

产业集群形成模式探析——以青岛电子家电业为例

文章以青岛市电子家电业的发展为例,就产业集群形成模式及其原因和条件进行了分析探讨.产业集群形成一般有三种模式,即市场创造模式,外商直接投资形成模式和内源型品牌企业带动模式.政府在内源型名牌企业带动产业集群模式形成中,可以发挥重要的推动和创造公平竞争环境的作用;企业正确的战略选择则是产业集群形成的关键和决定性因素.     

Geophysical Monitoring of Simulated Clandestine Graves Using Electrical and Ground‐Penetrating Radar Methods: 0–3 Years After Burial*,†

Abstract: This study provides forensic search teams with systematic geophysical monitoring data over simulated clandestine graves for comparison to active cases. Simulated “wrapped” and “naked” burials were created. Multigeophysical surveys were collected over a 3‐year monitoring period. Bulk ground resistivity, electrical resistivity imaging, multifrequency ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), and grave and background “soil‐water” conductivity data were collected. Resistivity surveys revealed the naked burial had consistently low‐resistivity anomalies, whereas the wrapped burial had small, varying high‐resistivity anomalies. GPR 110‐ to 900‐MHz frequency surveys showed the wrapped burial could be detected throughout, with the “naked” burial mostly resolved. Two hundred and twenty‐five megahertz frequency GPR data were optimal. “Soil‐water” analyses showed rapidly increasing (year 1), slowly increasing (year 2), and decreasing (year 3) conductivity values. Results suggest resistivity and GPR surveys should be collected if target “wrapping” is unknown, with winter to spring surveys optimal. Resistivity surveys should be collected in clay‐rich soils.     

The suitability of using domestic pigs (Sus spp.) as human proxies in the geophysical detection of clandestine graves

Research in many forensic science fields commonly uses domestic pigs (Sus spp.) as proxies for human remains, due to their physiological and anatomical similarities, as well as being more readily available. Unfortunately, previous research, especially that which compares the decompositional process, has shown that pigs are not appropriate proxies for humans. To date, there has not been any published research that specifically addresses whether domestic pigs are adequate human proxies for the geophysical detection of clandestine graves. As such, the aim of this paper was to compare the geophysical responses of pig cadavers and human donor graves, in order to determine if pigs can indeed be used as adequate human proxies. To accomplish this, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) responses on single and multiple pig cadaver graves were compared to single and multiple human donor graves, all of which are in known locations within the same geological environment. The results showed that under field conditions, both GPR and ERT were successful at observing human and pig burials, with no obvious differences between the detected geophysical responses. The results also showed that there were no differences in the geophysical responses of those who were clothed and unclothed. The similarity of the responses may reflect that the geophysical techniques can detect graves despite what their contents are. The study implications suggest that experimental studies in other soil and climate conditions can be easily replicated, benefiting law enforcement with missing persons cases.     

同色电工胶带的光谱成像技术检验

目的研究同种颜色电工胶带的区分方法。方法应用光谱成像技术对同色（选取红、黄、蓝、绿4种颜色）不同品牌的电工胶带进行区分。结果蓝色电工胶带的区分率最高,达到99.0%,红色、绿色、黄色样品的区分率相差不大,分别为94.3%、93.8%及93.3%。结论光谱成像技术可以实现同种颜色电工胶带的快速区分,从色度学角度为法庭科学领域电工胶带物证的区分提供了一种新的方法。     

家兔低压电击伤后血清LDH和HBDH活性变化

目的研究家兔非热低压电击伤后不同时间乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）和羟丁酸脱氢酶（hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,HBDH）活性的变化．为I临床和法医学非热电击伤提供诊断依据。方法健康新西兰大白兔40只,随机分为对照组和电击伤后7个时间点的实验组,每组5只。实验组使用本室已建立的非热低压电击伤方法处理,电击后各实验组动物按照预定时间点麻醉后抽取5mL心室血．测定血清LDH,HBDH酶活性。结果在非热低压电击伤后家兔目标血清酶活性发生了动态变化,有一定规律性,其中LDH活性在电击伤后4、12h和1、2、3d明显升高（4、12h和1d P〈0．01;2和3d P〈0．05）;HBDH活性在电击伤后2和3d明显升高（P〈0．05）;电击组HBD肌DH比值在2、4和12h与对照组比较显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论动态监测LDH、HBDH活性,可为非热电击损伤的诊断,损伤时间推断提供理论依据。