论我国土地制度改革的实验主义进路———以 1978 ~2013 年土地立法为样本的分析

实验主义立法进路的出现,是政治经济体制巨变所催生的产物.30多年的土地制度改革则是该立法进路的一个缩影,而暂行法、试点立法则是它的具体表现形式.在实验性立法的保障下,土地制度不仅平稳、顺利地过渡到市场经济体制,而且还形成了全新的土地法律体系.虽然在当下的土地制度改革中,实验主义立法进路的负面效应已经呈现出来,但制度风险小、操作成本低的优点仍使得它具有广阔的生存空间.因此,面对新一轮的土地制度改革,实验性立法必须在立法的规范性上作出适度调整,以保障土地制度改革的顺利进行.     

Experimentalist governance: An introduction

This symposium critically engages with the volume Experimentalist Governance in the European Union: Towards a New Architecture (2010), edited by Charles F. Sabel and Jonathan Zeitlin. “Experimentalist Governance” (EG) opens up an original theoretical perspective on the emergent governance architecture of the EU and sheds new light on developments in key policy sectors. This symposium brings together a transatlantic group of distinguished political scientists and legal scholars to discuss the added value of EG as a concept for analysis, its theoretical underpinnings, empirical relevance, and normative implications, in terms of legitimacy. Contributors discuss EG from different disciplinary and theoretical perspectives, referring to a variety of empirical examples in the EU context and beyond. The symposium closes with a response from the authors to their critics. This collection of essays sheds new light on debates around the nature of the EU and democratic governance beyond the nation state.     

Experimentalism in the EU: Common ground and persistent differences

Our central claim in this rejoinder is that experimentalist forms of organization in making regulatory rules, organizing social services, and articulating constitutional norms arise and diffuse as the problem that the actors and the state face shifts from ignorance to uncertainty. We argue that this has consequences for forms of accountability and for the conception and organization of democracy and constitutionalism. The EU, founded by diverse states in a period of continuing uncertainty, intensified by growing interdependence, proves to be a natural laboratory for observing urgent efforts to adjust to this new situation, and the symposium focuses on developments there. The symposium has brought us to see that there is more common ground in these debates than prior exchanges may have suggested. We therefore emphasize convergence on large points, while underscoring and, we hope, clarifying persistent differences, with the aim of encouraging the joint exploration of them already underway, in part explicitly, in part implicitly.     

建构中国新文化不可或缺的方法论——解读胡适的实验主义观

五四中国新文化的建构,离不开科学的方法论的制导。然而长期以来,我们对胡适的实验主义方法及其与中国新文化生成的关系的研究一直是个薄弱环节。其实,作为方法论的实验主义是一种现代科学思维,胡适师从杜威并对其实验主义给出了独到的理解和阐释,尤其在中国新文化和新文学建设中进行了卓有成效的运用。     

对法定证据制度认识误区的反思

传统理论对法定证据制度存有较大的误解。但事实上,法定证据制度的认识论基础应是原始经验主义;裁判者对之也并非完全机械地操作,而是具有一定程度的灵活性。不管制度如何设计,裁判者在进行证据评价时其经验要占据重要的位置。为保证裁判者对案件事实有一个客观公正的评价并进而作出具有合理性和可接受性的结论,不但要重视审判经验的提炼和推广工作,还要继续完善制度建设,加强规范性制约。