Forensic Application of Analytical Mechanics in Fatal Fall From a Height

Fatal fall from a height initiated with a swinging motion on the sagittal plane of the victim's body is examined. Method of analytical mechanics is adopted to establish the functional relations between the swinging angle of the body and the force needed to sustain the body until release, and the amount of the horizontal displacement that would occur after release. The analysis is applied to support an expert opinion presented in a criminal court in which two accused were convicted of murder for dropping a female victim from a bridge. The results indicate that it is unlikely for the body to locate as recorded by the police investigation report in the case. This study demonstrates that a straightforward mechanical analysis can be utilized to examine uncommon falling scenarios.     

Managing commercial risks in open source software licensing

Legal context: The article reviews the commercial risk allocation clauses intypical open source licence terms and discusses their enforceabilityand implications. Key points: The enforceability of warranty disclaimers and limitation ofliability clauses in common open source licence terms is questionable,particularly in a cross-border context, and commercial licensorsshould take additional steps to protect themselves from down-streamrisks. Practical significance: Open source software presents a number of unusual commercialissues, because it is available free of charge and the providerstry to disclaim warranties and liabilities. End users and resellershave to adjust their own in- and out-licensing models to accommodatethis situation.     

Four Lessons for Developing Countries from the Trade Negotiations Over Access to Medicines

After the Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) came into operation in 1995 developing countries have found themselves in a process of continual negotiation over intellectual property rights and access to medicines. These negotiations have taken place in the World Trade Organization and in the context of free trade agreements. The paper suggests that the only real win for developing countries has been the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health in 2001. What have been the lessons for developing countries in a decade of negotiations over access to medicines? Drawing on themes of rule complexity and regulatory ritualism the paper discusses four key lessons for developing countries. It concludes by arguing that developing countries will do better if they adopt a networked governance approach to negotiation rather than continuing to rely on traditional coalition formation.     

Competitive Liberalization,Competitive Imperialism,and Intellectual Property

Aggressive pursuit of free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) by major and minor trading powers alike challenges the conventional wisdom in favor of such pursuit – competitive liberalization. An equally plausible explanation for an active bilateral and regional trade agreement policy, one which effectively de-emphasizes multilateralism, may be competitive imperialism. The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights is one area in which new provisions, going beyond multilateral rules, are being negotiated and written into FTAs and CUs. Such provisions may yield insights into which characterization of bilateralism and regionalism – competitive liberalization or competitive imperialism – is more apt. Rice Distinguished Professor, The University of Kansas, School of Law, Green Hall, 1535 West 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7577, USA. Tel. +1-785-8649224. Fax. +1-785-8645054. www.law.ku.edu. J.D., Harvard (1989); M.Sc., Oxford (1986); M.Sc., London School of Economics (1985); A.B., Duke (1984). Marshall Scholar (1984-86). Member, Council on Foreign Relations, Royal Society for Asian Affairs, and Fellowship of Catholic Scholars. Author, Modern GATT Law (Sweet & Maxwell 2005), International Trade Law: Theory and Practice (2nd ed. 2000, 3rd ed. forthcoming 2007-08), and Trade, Development, and Social Justice (Carolina Academic Press 2003). I am thankful to my Research Assistant, Mr. David R. Jackson (B.A., George Mason University, 1992; J.D. Class of 2007, University of Kansas), for his indispensable help on this work. I also am grateful to Dr. Mohammed El Said, University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN), for his consistent support and friendship, and for what he has taught and continues to teach me about international trade and intellectual property.     

褪黑素对内毒素血症山羊肝线粒体自由基代谢的影响

为探讨褪黑素对内毒素血症山羊肝线粒体自由基代谢的影响,将48只山羊随机分为4组,生理盐水组(NS组)、内毒素组(LPS组,1 mg/kg)、褪黑素组(MT组,1 mg/kg)和褪黑素保护组(MT LPS组),每组分别在处理后第3和6 h各宰杀6只羊,取肝组织,提取肝线粒体,检测肝线粒体中超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果显示,内毒素血症时山羊肝线粒体中抗氧化酶的SOD、GSH-Px、GR和CAT活性降低,T-AOC活力下降,MDA含量明显增加,而褪黑素保护组肝线粒体抗氧化酶活性普遍回升,MDA含量明显下降。提示,褪黑素能减轻内毒素血症山羊因脂质过氧化造成的肝线粒体损伤,保护肝线粒体功能。     

健全和完善公民表达权的法律保障机制

党的十七大报告把"表达权"列为公民四权之一,并强调要依法保障,这对我国推进社会主义民主法治、构建和谐社会以及大力发展文化创新都具有非常重要的意义。然而,现行法律、法规以及司法资源对"表达权"的保护相对不足,因此,需要进一步健全和完善公民表达权的法律保障机制。     

论检察机关自由裁量权

检察机关自由裁量权的构建对我国完善的诉讼制度具有重要意义。当今将起诉法定主义与起诉便宜主义相结合,赋予检察机关更大的自由裁量权,已成为世界检察改革的趋势。我国现行刑事诉讼法明确了检察机关相对不起诉的自由裁量权,但在法学界和司法实践中,检察机关的自由裁量权尚未获得普遍的理性认识。文章就如何加强对检察机关自由裁量权,追求法的公平、程序正义价值,体现诉讼经济原则等方面进行了探讨,并提出了完善我国检察机关自由裁量权的构想。     

低血清培养PK-15细胞系对TGEV增殖规律的研究

为降低疫苗生产综合成本,本研究探讨了以低血清培养基(M08011)替代常规细胞培养基(DMEM)的可行性。本研究依次采用含100、80、50、30、20、10、0mL/L血清的低血清培养基(M08011)驯化PK-15细胞,并考察猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)在低血清培养的PK-15细胞系中的增殖规律。结果显示,驯化后的PK-15细胞在含100、80、50、30、20 mL/L的低血清培养基中生长状态良好,与常规培养基所培养的PK-15细胞无差异。低血清培养体系培养PK-15细胞时,血清最低添加量为20 mL/L。用该体系培养的PK-15细胞接种TGEV后,TGEV的TCID50为10^-4.97/100μL,与常规条件培养的TGEV的TCID50为104.88/100μL相比,差别不明显。TGEV接种PK-15细胞,低血清培养基中血清浓度降低至20 mL/L,毒价未受到影响。结果表明,本研究建立的PK-15细胞及TGEV低血清培养体系可初步应用于TGEV的增殖培养,为相关疫苗研发奠定了基础。     

从国家战略的角度解读中国——东盟博览会

从国家利益和国家战略的角度看,中国-东盟博览会对广西和南宁具有重大经济意义和政治意义,广西将从相对封闭走向更加开放,并在中国-东盟自由贸易区建设过程中发挥重要作用.广西只有抓住机遇,将比较优势变成竞争优势,实施开放促发展战略,才能实现跨越式发展.     

全面认识保护私人财产在调动一切积极因素中的重要作用

长期以来,社会上有种偏见:认为保护私人财产只是为了调动富裕阶层的积极性,实则不然,保护私人财产能够调动全民的积极性,是调动一切积极因素为中华民族伟大复兴凝聚力量的重要保证。