微生物物证检验

面对21世纪生物犯罪或生物恐怖活动的新挑战,物证鉴定的新专业--微生物物证检验将成为执法部门侦查和起诉生物犯罪必不可少的手段。微生物物证检验以用作犯罪武器的各种微生物为检验对象,获得微生物种类和能够提供来源信息的菌毒株细致分型结果,达到提供犯罪侦查线索和法庭证据的目的。本文综述了微生物物证检验的定义、特征、技术应用以及美国近年来在微生物物证检验的实践和值得借鉴的成功经验。并建议我国物证鉴定实验室应积极开展研究,建立能够满足生物犯罪侦查需求的微生物物证检验能力。     

Grounds for self-government? Changes in land ownership and democratic participation in Chinese communities

Do variations in land ownership affect people’s democratic participation? Quantitative, cross-country research on this topic suffers from the non-comparability of regulatory systems and cultures, and the use of crude indicators to identify participation. This study attempts to overcome these methodological problems, by employing indicators of procedural and substantive participation in a structured, diachronic comparison of qualitative data from five sites in China – an authoritarian state, which, however, requires residents of urban communities and villages to participate in ‘self-government’. It examines whether and why changing land from collective ownership to state ownership, and residents’ compensated acquisition of cash and secure, fungible assets, strengthens or weakens participation in self-government. In the research sites, collective land ownership is found to stimulate participation in self-government. Transformation of the land to state ownership and people’s acquisition of private property weakens participation. The robust results of the study support the direction of a causal argument that collective land ownership is conducive to democratic participation. These findings imply that scholars and policymakers should consider the potentially adverse political consequences of changing land ownership. A further implication is that, absent substantial political reform, an urbanized China might be less rather than more democratic at the community level.     

公共服务供给机制转型中的公益性岗位研究

我国自2002年起开始施行公益性岗位的政策,这一政策对拓宽就业渠道、缓解失业压力起到了一定的作用。但目前依靠政府进一步开发和购买公益性岗位的难度很大。本文对国内外公共服务供给机制转型进行了比较分析,在此基础上提出以下建议:我国应进一步完善公共服务的供给机制,以社区为平台,通过推动购买服务的方式,调动社会组织服务社区和吸收就业的功能,以推动公益性岗位的增加。     

我国城市社区民主治理的困境与出路

积极推进城市社区民主治理对我国的民主政治建设和法治进程具有重要而深远的影响,但宥于我国历史传统和民主法治国情,城市社区民主治理仍存在民主权利与民主需求、民主需求与民主实践、民主实践与民主权利之间不相协调的问题,使得社区民主治理陷入"权利-需求-实践"的困境,这严重阻碍着中国城市社区建设及基层民主政治的健康发展。当务之急是结合我国实际,完善民主权利,满足民主需求,深化民主实践,积极探索具有我国特色的城市社区民主治理之路。     

Linking Local Plants with Small Handicraft Enterprises among Indigenous Mapuche Communities: Towards a Combined Approach of Local Development and Enhancement of Ethnobotanical Knowledge?

There is a paucity of studies analysing the role of ethnobotanical knowledge for handicraft and local development. Thus, more work is required to expand the range of detailed case studies on which to draw. The objective of this article is to analyse an initiative promoted by a pioneering experience of its kind in the Araucaria region, Chile, which is centred on traditional knowledge of Mapuche communities. By identifying what lessons can be drawn from this experience, this study analyses the factors that can promote synergies between handicraft and conservation of local plants from which resources are derived for handicraft.     

以“三个代表”为指针 加强中心城区党建工作

加强中心城区党建工作必须以"三个代表”的思想为指针,紧密结合城区党建工作的实际情况,调查研究,总结经验,找出薄弱环节,查找深层次原因,切实解决存在的问题,探索并建立中心城区党建工作的新思路和新机制.     

试论农村社区中留守女性生活方式的转变

在城市化的大潮中 ,农村出现的“3 86199部队”现象对城市化的发展进程产生着影响。女性生活方式的转变对实现这一类社区走向城市化有着积极的作用。但农村社区女性的现实生活方式比较落后 ,难以带动整个社区生活方式的转变。对女性生活方式现状及其生活方式落后的原因进行分析 ,有助于依托女性组织 ,借助社区主要劳动力缺失的机会而使女性获得发展机遇 ,实现女性生活方式的现代化。     

发展民族社区经济方法探索--以可邑彝族生态文化旅游村项目为例

民族社区发展是一项复杂的社会实践活动,其核心是发展.通常的发展模式往往因忽略了社区成员的切身要求、自我意识及创造潜力而收效不甚明显.因此,西部大开发背景下的云南民族社区发展期待运作方法上的创新和突破.而来自可邑彝族村旅游发展项目的实践表明借鉴国际发展机构对欠发达地区实施的较为成功的参与性发展模式,结合云南实际,特别是民族社区独有的民族文化、传统习俗、生活方式,探索民族社区目标人群自身能力发掘及建设的方法,在项目实践中将理论上的民族文化的自信心、自觉性转化为村民的自觉行为,从而有效地解决传承民族传统文化与发展经济之间的矛盾,促进民族自身经济社会的协调发展,是切实可行的.     

Linking Public Housing to Education: A Comparative Case Study of HOPE VI

This research examines the federally funded HOPE VI urban revitalization program’s influence on neighborhood public school performance. A comparative case study was conducted in two HOPE VI neighborhood public schools, one that improved significantly (Philadelphia), and one that experienced a decline (Washington DC). The analysis revealed several insights into neighborhood factors that may influence school performance: the most vulnerable residents were least likely to gain reentry, mixed income housing residents often opt out of traditional public schools, and partnerships between public housing and education officials have been historically overlooked.     

Civil society knowledge networks: how international development institutions reshape the geography of knowledge

What role have the processes and institutions of international development played in creating and propagating ideas around the world? This paper demonstrates that networks of development-focused civil society institutions can form global epistemic bridges even where communication technology, global markets, infrastructure, or state services do not reach. Given the penetration of these ‘civil society knowledge networks’ throughout the world, it is crucial to understand how these networks form, and how they create and spread ideas, mediating between global discourses and local needs. This paper builds on a multi-sited case study of one such civil society knowledge network, which includes an international foundation, its partner non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Kenya, and one village where these NGOs run a forest conservation project. The case study provides a closely textured analysis of the mechanisms of knowledge production and consumption in the network, including personality politics, language, technology, political connections and the power dynamics of knowledge flows. It demonstrates the ways remoteness and disconnection are overcome through the epistemic reach of institutional networks involved in development interventions.