非言语交际与外语课堂教学

非言语交际是交际过程中的一个重要部分。在外语课堂教学中,恰当使用非言语交际行为,能够增加信息量,提高学生学习兴趣。本文分析了非言语交际行为在外语课堂教学中的表现形式和作用,指出了非言语交际在教学中的重要性及不容忽视性。     

浅谈教学中的非语言交际

交际包括语言交际和非语言交际,这两种形式相辅相成,构成人类交际不可分割的整体。非语言交际是一个包含诸多因素的体系,可以用来辅助语言交际。非语言交际是人在出生后就开始接触学习并且要实践加强贯穿一生的。教学是一种交际行为,在教学实践中,我们教师除了主要运用语言交际手段,也会经常运用非语言交际,这能使教学过程更顺畅,而且会创造良好的师生关系。     

论犯罪嫌疑人在讯问中的非语言行为

在人际思想交流中,口头语言的真实含义可以由许多非语言行为的暗示加以扩充或修正。诚实或撒谎的犯罪嫌疑人在讯问中的表现有所不同,通过对其非语言行为进行认真地观察、分析和判断,可以有效地区分谎言。     

略论语境对英语词义理解的作用

习得词汇的方法很多，其中借助英语语言性语境和非语言性语境理解并把握词义，不失为一种行之有效的学习方法。     

非法证据排除规则视野下的讯问策略

讯问的对象是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人。讯问获得的证据种类是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的口供以及通过该口供获得的物证、书证。2010年确立的非法证据排除规则,要求公安机关在讯问犯罪嫌疑人、被告人时既要重视口供又不搞刑讯逼供,不搞口供至上;既要探求实体公正更要重视程序公正;既要注重办案的效率更要重视对犯罪嫌疑人正当权益的保护。为此,文章针对实践中出现的不规范讯问方法,探讨非法证据排除规则视野下公安办案讯问的一些方法,旨在使公安讯问犯罪嫌疑人、被告人时应从＂硬审讯法＂转变到＂软审讯法＂。这种＂软讯问法＂包括讯问中的语言策略和非语言策略。同时,为了保障这种讯问方法的实施,应当设立一定的监督机制。     

The Effects of British and American Trial Procedures on the Quality of Juror Decision-Making

Compared to American trial procedures, British procedures provide a less distracting environment in which jurors can process trial evidence. Relying on theories of persuasion, it was predicted that jurors viewing British procedures would be less affected by extra-evidentiary cues and would be more sensitive to evidence strength variations than jurors in American trials. Participants (N = 245) viewed a mock trial in which trial procedure, judge's nonverbal behavior, and evidence strength were varied. Participants judged the British procedures to be more civil and fair than American procedures but were less likely to find for the plaintiff. Although jurors recalled more trial facts when they viewed British procedures, they were not more sensitive to variations in evidence strength. There was some evidence that British procedures may increase the influence of judge's nonverbal behavior on juror judgments. The relative benefits of different trial procedures are discussed.     

Suspicion formation among police officers: an international literature review

Recent research on racial profiling has renewed attention on how police officers develop suspicions about citizens, and how these suspicions influence the official behavior of police. In order to guide the current research, a review of the wealth of existing qualitative and quantitative research on this topic is necessary. This literature review examines the existing international research in psychology, sociology, and criminology on police officer development of suspicion. It also lays out a framework for organizing the findings with four broad methods of suspicion development: stereotypical perceptions about typical criminal offenders, prior knowledge about specific citizens; incongruent circumstances, and suspicious nonverbal cues. It concludes with the few studies linking officer suspicions to official police behavior.     

Know Me,Love Me,Fear Me: The Anatomy of Candidate Poster Designs in the 2007 French Legislative Elections

Candidates in many elections spend a significant amount of their budget on posters, yet we know virtually nothing about their communication roles. Based on party strategy and visual communication research, this article argues that poster content is the result of strategic choices by candidates, with major and niche candidates using significantly different poster designs in an effort to influence voters' evaluations. Using an original database of 256 candidate posters from the 2007 French legislative elections and content analysis computer software, I show that niche party candidates consistently emphasize partisan and factual information cues (through size and placement on posters), while major party candidates rely heavily on candidate-oriented visuals and on nonverbal cues (e.g., eye contact) to persuade voters. Preliminary analyses indicate that poster visual design strategies are significantly associated with both major and niche party candidates' electoral performance.     

Justice at risk! An evaluation of a pseudoscientific analysis of a witness’ nonverbal behavior in the courtroom

Psychology and law have developed as disciplines through rigorous data collection, exploration and analysis, and the publication of findings through peer-review processes. Such findings are then used to implement evidence-based practices within a variety of settings. However, in parallel to factually and scientifically based knowledge, ‘alternative’ science, or pseudoscience, has gained in popularity. The present case study aims to evaluate the empirical evidence and theoretical underpinnings of a publically accessible analysis of a suspected serial killer’s nonverbal behavior during a bond hearing published online by two ‘synergologists’. The case study emphasizes how a ‘synergological’ analysis to understanding and interpreting human behavior fails to use empirical data, making generalized inferences based on erroneous assumptions. The case study also highlights the detrimental effects such assumptions may have within the justice system and why pseudoscientific analytical approaches should be vigorously challenged by research scientists.     

When a man debates a woman: Trump vs. Clinton in the first mixed gender presidential debates

Televised political debates have attracted intensive research interest. Here we examined the effect of mixed-gender televised political debates on the candidates’ multimodal gender communicative accountability structure. The 2016 election campaign in the United States introduced for the first time a new factor into the presidential political contest: gender. This study is grounded in a theoretical and analytical framework that maps gender accountability structures of verbal/nonverbal communication patterns. We analyzed the televised debates during the 2016 US presidential campaign with the candidates: Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. The findings indicated that during mixed-gender debates, contenders present conduct that correspond to their gender communicative structures, primarily nonverbal patterns. Trump mainly expressed masculine-communicative patterns, while Clinton displayed mostly feminine-communicative patterns. The theoretical and analytical framework highlights the effect of gender on political communication. The novel perspective delineates and explains the implications of multimodal gender communicative accountability structure of contenders in mixed-gender political debates.