益母草碱油包油微乳在小鼠体内组织分布研究

目的 探讨益母草碱油包油微乳剂和益母草碱混悬剂在动物体内药物代谢动力学特征和组织靶向性。方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定小鼠血浆与组织中益母草碱浓度,计算药物代谢动力学参数。结果 与混悬剂比较,益母草碱微乳剂在体内平均滞留时间提高了7 h,其相对生物利用度为550.684%;益母草碱微乳剂AUC(0→∞)在小鼠各组织的分布整体提高到混悬组的3.626~26.265倍;益母草碱微乳剂在心、肺和脑组织的靶向指标分别为1.044、1.335和4.772。结论 益母草碱油包油微乳提高了生物利用度,对脑组织具有较好的趋向性分布。     

地昔尼尔乳剂在猪体内的药动学研究

为建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定猪血浆中地昔尼尔质量浓度的方法,探讨地昔尼尔乳剂在猪体内的药动学特征,将50g/kg地昔尼尔乳剂以45mg/kg的单剂量为6头健康猪给药(背正中线浇泼),血浆经乙腈提取,采用HPLC测定了血液中地昔尼尔浓度。本试验条件下,地昔尼尔在0.05～20μg/mL内线性良好,r2=0.999,最低检测限为0.01μg/mL;其药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型,主要药动学参数为:t1/2ka=9.836h±0.198h,t1/2α=13.649h±0.124h,t1/2β=20.745h±1.187h,tmax=17.576h±0.216h,Cmax=9.129μg/mL±0.313μg/mL,AUC=450.010μg/mL.h±2.993μg/mL.h。结果表明,该测定方法专属、准确、灵敏,适用于地昔尼尔的药动学研究;地昔尼尔乳剂经皮给药后,在猪体内的吸收、消除速率较慢,达峰浓度高。     

二氟沙星在鸡体内的药物代谢动力学及生物利用度研究

将 30只艾维茵肉鸡随机分为 3组 ,进行了静脉注射、肌肉注射及内服二氟沙星的药物代谢动力学研究。血浆样品经甲醇沉淀血浆蛋白 ,高速离心 ,用反相高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中二氟沙星的浓度 ,MCPKP计算机程序处理血浆药物浓度 时间数据。结果 ,健康鸡静脉注射给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型 ,主要药物代谢动力学参数为 :t1/ 2α=0 .6 9h± 0 .4 3h ;t1/ 2 β=6 .11h± 1.5 0h ;V1=1.70L/kg±0 .33L/kg ;Vd(area) =3.10L/kg± 0 .6 7L/kg ;ClB=0 .37L/ (kg·h)±0 .10L/ (kg·h) ;AUC =2 9.16 μg/ (mL·h)± 8.0 4 μg/ (mL·h)。健康鸡肌肉注射及内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收一室模型 ,前者的主要药物代谢动力学参数为 :t1/ 2Ka=0 .17h± 0 .12h ,t1/ 2Ke=5 .6 4h± 0 .74h ,tmax =0 .86h± 0 .4 0h ,Cmax =2 .5 1μg/mL± 0 .36 μg/mL ,AUC =2 2 .6 2μg/ (mL·h) ± 3.2 8μg/ (mL·h) ,F =77.0 %± 11.8% ;后者的药物代谢动力学参数为 :t1/ 2Ka=1.4 6h± 1.0 0h ,t1/ 2Ke=8.2 0h± 3.12h ,tmax=4 .34h± 2 .4 0h ,Cmax=1.0 0 μg/mL± 0 .2 1μg/mL ,AUC =15 .82 μg/ (mL·h) ± 3.6 7μg/ (mL·h) ,F =5 4.2 %± 12 .6 %。二氟沙星在健康鸡体内的主要药物代谢动力学特征为 :表观分布容积大     

栀子苷在正常大鼠体内的药物代谢动力学和组织分布

目的 研究栀子苷(Jasminoidin,JA)在正常大鼠血浆中的药物代谢动力学和在肝、脾、肾、脑中的分布情况.方法 采用phenomenex C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸(20∶80),流速0.8 ml/min,检测波长238 nm,柱温30 ℃.大鼠按JA单剂量...     

Fatal Fentanyl Patch Misuse in a Hospitalized Patient with a Postmortem Increase in Fentanyl Blood Concentration

Opioid‐related mortality happens, even in healthcare settings. We describe serial postmortem fentanyl blood concentrations in a hospital inpatient who fatally abused transdermal fentanyl. This is a single‐patient case report. A 42‐year‐old man with lymphoma was started on transdermal fentanyl therapy while hospitalized for chronic abdominal pain. The patient was last seen awake 1.3 h prior to being found apneic and cyanotic. During the resuscitation attempt, a small square‐shaped film was removed from the patient's oropharynx. Femoral blood was collected 0.5 and 2 h postmortem, and the measured fentanyl concentration increased from 1.6 to 14 ng/mL. Study limitations include potential laboratory or collection errors and missing data. (i) Providers must be vigilant for signs of fentanyl patch abuse. (ii) Postmortem blood concentrations are not static postmortem, likely secondary to decreasing pH, increased aqueous solubility, and tissue redistribution, and are therefore unlikely to accurately represent antemortem blood concentrations.     

氟苯尼考琥珀酸钠的制备及其在家兔体内的药代动力学特征

用DMAP法制备氟苯尼考琥珀酸钠(Fl-SNa)。将6只家兔分别单剂量肌肉注射氟苯尼考和Fl-SNa,然后采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测血药浓度;用DAS2.0药代动力学程序计算药代动力学参数。结果显示,成功制得Fl-SNa;给家兔单剂量注射氟苯尼考和Fl-SNa后,主要的药代动力学参数Cmax分别为8.863mg/L±0.254mg/L和7.363mg/L±0.085mg/L,tmax分别为1.0h和2.0h,AUC0-∞分别为28.851mg/L.h±0.494mg/L.h和39.187mg/L.h±0.413mg/L.h。结果表明,Fl-SNa达峰时间延长,峰浓度降低,生物利用度大大提高。证明高效液相色谱法准确、灵敏,适用于氟苯尼考血浆浓度的测定;制备的Fl-SNa与氟苯尼考相比生物利用度显著提高。     

Validation of an LC–MS Method for the Detection and Quantification of BZP and TFMPP and their Hydroxylated Metabolites in Human Plasma and its Application to the Pharmacokinetic Study of TFMPP in Humans*

Abstract: An LC–MS method was developed for benzylpiperazine (BZP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), constituents of “party pills” or “legal herbal highs,” and their metabolites in human blood plasma. Compounds were resolved using a mixture of ammonium formate (pH 4.5, 0.01 M) and acetonitrile (flow rate of 1.0 mL/min) with a C18 column. Calibration curves were linear from 1 to 50 ng/mL (R² > 0.99); the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL; the accuracy was >90%; the intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations (R.S.D) were <5% and <10%, respectively. Human plasma concentrations of TFMPP were measured in blood samples taken from healthy adults (n = 6) over 24 h following a 60‐mg oral dose of TFMPP: these peaked at 24.10 ng/mL (±1.8 ng/mL) (C_max) after 90 min (T_max). Plasma concentrations of 1‐(3‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl) piperazine peaked at 20.2 ng/mL (±4.6 ng/mL) after 90 min. TFMPP had two disposition phases (t_½ = 2.04 h (±0.19 h) and 5.95 h (±1.63 h). Apparent clearance (Cl/F) was 384 L/h (±45 L/h).     

四氢大麻酚的药代动力学研究进展

综述了近年来四氢大麻酚的基础和临床药代动力学研究资料。     

唾液检材在毒品检测中的应用

近年来,毒品滥用问题日益突出,提高生物样品中毒品检测技术的性能是法庭毒物学研究的重点。相比于血液和尿液样品,唾液在的样品采集和毒品检测中具有诸多优势,因而逐渐受到重视。本文对近年来国内外唾液样本用于毒品检测方面的研究成果进行综述,介绍唾液毒品检测的发展情况以及相关的代谢动力学研究状况,旨在为相关研究和实践提供参考。     

氟苯尼考对鲫鱼CYP2E1活性影响的药代动力学评价

采用以氯唑沙宗为底物探针的药代动力学方法研究氟苯尼考对鲫鱼细胞色素P450 2E1活性的影响。试验组鲫鱼每日经口给予氟苯尼考100 mg/kg(按体重给药,下同),连续5 d后,与对照组鲫鱼同时一次性腹腔注射氯唑沙宗10 mg/kg,用高效液相色谱法测定氯唑沙宗在鲫鱼体内不同时间点的血药浓度,并计算药代动力学参数。结果表明,氯唑沙宗在两组鲫鱼体内代谢的药时数据均符合二室模型;与对照组相比,试验组氯唑沙宗的半衰期增加了5倍(P<0.01),药时曲线下面积增加了3.3倍(P<0.01),总清除率减少了83.8%(P<0.01)。提示,氟苯尼考对鲫鱼CYP2E1具有显著的抑制作用。其他药物与氟苯尼考合用时,其有效性和安全性可能会受到影响。