碎米蕨叶马先蒿对小鼠肝肾和血液指标的影响

为探讨碎米蕨叶马先蒿对动物机体的损害程度,以评价其安全性,本试验将采自新疆巴音布鲁克草原的碎米蕨叶马先蒿粉碎,自制含15%和30%的碎米蕨叶马先蒿草粉鼠粮,饲喂小鼠三个月以上,随机抽取小鼠血液进行生化指标天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、尿素(BUN)、肌酐CRE的测定和血常规红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYMPH#)、淋巴细胞(LYMPH)百分数、中性粒细胞(NEUT)比率和单核细胞(MONO)比率的测定。生化指标结果显示,高剂量组碎米蕨叶马先蒿对小鼠肝脏可能造成轻微损害,对小鼠肾脏可能造成损害;血液学检测结果显示,在试验第28天时WBC、LYMPH百分数、LYMPH#高剂量组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),NEUT比率和MONO比率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在血液学检测整个试验期间,各测定指标都在不断波动,试验后期均趋于动态平衡。上述结果表明,30%碎米蕨叶马先蒿草粉鼠粮对小鼠肝脏可造成轻微损伤、对肾脏造成损伤,但不影响造血系统。     

Prepartum Psychosis and Neonaticide: Rare Case Study and Forensic‐Psychiatric Synthesis of Literature

Peripartum psychosis is a rare but serious psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of a mood episode with psychotic features. Although controversy surrounds the nosological status of peripartum mental disorders, these conditions continue to be of exceptional interest to the medical and forensic mental health communities. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of prepartum psychosis which escalated to the endpoint of neonaticide and summarize literature on peripartum mental disorders and infanticide. A 30‐year‐old mother murdered her newborn with the spike of her serum delivery system and planned to commit suicide while in hospital after hallucinating due to an acute puerperal psychotic disorder with a prepartum onset and postpartum deterioration. Her disorder was not managed until neonaticide. Throughout this paper, the significance of a multidisciplinary approach for the optimal management of these incidents is highlighted and diagnostic as well as therapeutic issues are addressed.     

从运动生化视角谈基层民警力量训练

基层民警力量训练存在着训练意识不强、训练方法不科学、重技能轻体能、健身器械和场馆不足等问题,应该从运动生物化学的角度出发,运用运动生物化学反应基本原理指导警察力量训练,遵循运用生物化学基本原理进行力量训练原则,依据运动生物化学原理进行力量训练,以提高基层民警力量训练的实效。     

Evaluation of Agonal Cardiac Function for Sudden Cardiac Death in Forensic Medicine with Postmortem Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP: A Meta-analysis

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected death caused by a sudden loss of cardiac function, which is currently a global public health problem. Evaluation of the agonal cardiac function of the deceased is a quite important task for the diagnosis of SCD in forensic medicine. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) are currently considered as significant biomarkers for the diagnosis of heart failure in both clinical and forensic practices. To investigate the postmortem evaluation roles of postmortem BNP and NT-proBNP levels for SCD, the present study meta-analyzed eight related studies from Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data. Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of the included literature, and the meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3.5 software. Postmortem NT-proBNP in pericardial fluid showed higher levels in the SCD group than that of the non-SCD group with the weighted mean difference = 3665.74, 95% confidence interval: 1812.89–5518.59, and p = 0.0001. However, postmortem levels of BNP in pericardial fluid and NT-proBNP in serum revealed no statistical difference between SCD and non-SCD subjects. The results of present meta-analysis demonstrated that postmortem NT-proBNP in the pericardial fluid could be used as an ancillary indicator for evaluation of agonal cardiac function in forensic medicine.     

Determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Postmortem Samples in Ectopic Pregnancies

Increased human chorionic gonadotropin levels (HCG) can be detected in femoral blood, bile, and vitreous humor collected during autopsy of pregnant women using a standard kit designed for living patients. In the study herein, the concentrations of HCG were measured in postmortem serum, vitreous, bile, cerebrospinal, and pericardial fluids in 4 cases of fatal ectopic pregnancy and 40 controls using a quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunoassay designed for living patients. No false‐negative cases were identified in any of the analyzed samples in any of the ectopic pregnancy cases. No correlations were found between total HCG levels in postmortem serum and the other tested specimens. The results of this study would suggest that higher HCG in bile, vitreous, pericardial, and cerebrospinal fluids may confirm the existence of ectopic pregnancy and therefore identify other situations in which this hormone is increased, although gestational age cannot be reliably estimated using these values.     

生物化学指标检测在心源性猝死法医鉴定中的应用

早期缺血性心肌病变引起的心源性猝死（sudden cardiac death,SCD）由于发病突然,常缺乏典型的形态学改变和临床表现,易被怀疑为刑事案件,查明其死亡原因对法医学实践有指导作用。本文对国内外有关无机离子、肌酸激酶、肌钙蛋白、心房利钠尿肽、脑利钠尿肽等生物化学指标检测在诊断SCD方面的研究进展加以综述,以期为SCD的法医学诊断提供参考。     

A Case of Fatal Dehydration During Police Custody

In the forensic literature, fatal dehydration predominantly concerns young children or incapacitated elderly persons. The postmortem diagnosis of fatal dehydration can be challenging to confirm, especially if the preceding circumstances are unknown. Here presented is a case of a 23‐year‐old man who died while held in an isolation cell during police custody for 18 days. Autopsy findings were unspecific, but vitreous fluid analysis showed 192 mmol/L sodium, 179 mmol/L chloride, 16 mmol/L potassium, 352 μmol/L (3.98 mg/dL) creatinine, and 81 mmol/L (226.9 mg/dL) urea nitrogen. Based on the findings and circumstances, the cause of death was determined as severe dehydration and manner of death accident. This case illustrates the importance of performing postmortem biochemistry.     

双眼交替微量取样检测兔玻璃体液钾镁离子浓度推测死亡时间

目的研究死后眼玻璃体液钾镁离子浓度变化及其与死亡时间的关系。方法取健康家兔处死,死后不同时间于双眼玻璃体液交替微量取样,采用全自动生化分析仪检测样本中[K+]、[Mg2+],对所得数据进行统计学处理。结果死后12~120h,家兔玻璃体液中[K+]由11.01mmol/L上升至32.97mmol/L,[Mg2+]1.12mmol/L上升至2.22mmol/L,两种离子浓度与PMI进行回归分析自变量为[K+]的二次多项式回归方程为y=0.1756x2-3.3188x+29.804(R2=0.9868);自变量为[Mg2+]的二次多项式回归方程为y=-46.916x2+248.01x-213.81(R2=0.9340);自变量为[K+]和[Mg2+]的二次多项式回归方程为y=-17.55-4.82[K+]+0.20[K+]2+75.77[Mg2+]-19.47[Mg2+](R2=0.9881)。用[K+]的方程推测PMI,当[K+]<26.0mmol/L(PMI<60h)时,平均偏离时间为2.7~9.4h,当[K+]>28mmol/L(PMI>72h)时,平均偏离时间>15h;用[Mg2+]的方程推测PMI,平均偏离时间几乎均在10h以上;用二元方程推测PMI,平均偏离时间较前两者小。结论死后眼玻璃体液[K+]、[Mg2+]随时间延长而升高,且浓度变化与时间呈强相关性。但从实际运用角度考虑,R2<0.98,或平均预测偏离时间过大的回归方程,不宜用于PMI推测;应用多指标建立多元回归方程是提高推测PMI准确性的可行方法。     

Philemon and Baucis Deaths: Case Reports and Postmortem Biochemistry Contribution

The death of a person as a reaction to the death of another is known as Philemon and Baucis death and may represent a difficult challenge for pathologists, especially due to the decompositional changes that often characterized these situations. In this article, we describe two cases of Philemon and Baucis deaths, the first concerning a married couple and the second concerning a father and son. Postmortem investigations including radiology and biochemistry were performed. Based on the results of all investigations, deaths were attributed to natural causes. Third‐party involvement could be excluded in both situations. In one case, biochemical analysis results revealed potentially contributing causes of death. The reported cases emphasize the importance of correlating findings from different postmortem investigations to identify causes of death, precipitating conditions and predisposing disorders, thus allowing the conclusion of natural death to be reached and third‐party involvement to be excluded.     

The Estimation of Postmortem Serum Urea via the Ultrafiltration of Hemolyzed Blood

Postmortem serum urea has been demonstrated as an objective indicator for the forensic diagnosis of cause of death. However, samples used in postmortem biochemical analysis are always affected by hemolysis. To investigate whether hemolysis affects the biochemical analysis of urea and to explore the feasibility of using ultrafiltration to process hemolyzed blood samples, three different levels of hemolyzed blood samples were used to assess the influence of hemolysis on postmortem biochemical analysis of urea, and two ultrafiltration methods were used to process the hemolyzed blood samples. Bias% was used to assess the interference of hemolysis. Our results showed that heavy hemolysis had a significant influence on the biochemical analysis of urea. Both ultrafiltration methods in the present study could significantly reduce the interference of hemolysis, with the |bias%| of methods A and B decreasing from 69.74% ± 99.14% to 12.18% ± 7.23% and 10.77% ± 8.09%, respectively, compared to the original serum. After regression correction, there was no significant difference between the urea concentration in the ultrafiltrates of the two ultrafiltration methods and that in the original serum, which suggested that the postmortem serum urea concentration could be estimated by the corrected urea concentration in the ultrafiltrate. The current study also provided possible pretreatment methods for postmortem biochemical analysis of other biomarkers in hemolyzed blood samples of forensic practice.