从范畴化论经济法学范畴

现有经济法学范畴理论框架以经典范畴理论为基础。将经典范畴理论僵硬地移入经济法学范畴理论的构建过程,存在逻辑缺陷与语境不适的困境,已造成经济法学范畴理论众说纷纭的局面。反思此种问题,可将语义哲学中的相关范畴化理论作为分析工具,对经典范畴理论、原型范畴理论、家族相似性理论在经济法学范畴理论的范畴化过程中的作用进行比较,在统一经济法学范畴理论问题时,应维护经典范畴论的客观性,兼容原型范畴论、家族相似性理论的社会性与建构性,把超拔的逻辑从先前抽象的高度降低到历时和共时的社会语境中,有助于得出科学的结论。     

语义模糊的认知探索及对英语教学的启示

将认知语言学中的原型范畴理论应用于语义模糊当中,一个非典型成员与典型成员之间的距离越近,它的隶属度就越高;距离越远,隶属度就越低,人们对其成员地位的认识就越模糊,也越容易产生分歧,进而导致语义模糊,这为英语教学提供了若干启示。     

A Prototype of Mathematical Treatment of Pen Pressure Data for Signature Verification

A prototype using simple mathematical treatment of the pen pressure data recorded by a digital pen movement recording device was derived. In this study, a total of 48 sets of signature and initial specimens were collected. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to compare the data of the pen pressure patterns. From the 820 pair comparisons of the 48 sets of genuine signatures, a high degree of matching was found in which 95.4% (782 pairs) and 80% (656 pairs) had rPA > 0.7 and rPA > 0.8, respectively. In the comparison of the 23 forged signatures with their corresponding control signatures, 20 of them (89.2% of pairs) had rPA values < 0.6, showing a lower degree of matching when compared with the results of the genuine signatures. The prototype could be used as a complementary technique to improve the objectivity of signature examination and also has a good potential to be developed as a tool for automated signature identification.     

中国现代文学中的日本形象

以鲁迅、郭沫若、郁达夫等人为代表的 2 0年代的留日作家 ,在其作品中对日本社会的政治结构、风土人情、教育体制、自然景观等均有比较详细的描述。这类作品中频繁出现的日本女子形象系列 ,可以讲 ,已经成为众多中国人心目中的一种理想的女性形象原型     

Simpler is better? Analysis of a codesign session with elders

Prototyping plays various roles in software engineering: it can function in an exploratory way in order to gather requirements, or generate an artifact that, through iterative cycles of development, leads to final delivery of the product or system. According to literature (Beaudouin-Lafon, M., and W. Mackay. 2007. “Prototyping Tools and Techniques.” In Human Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals. CRC Press.; Lim, Y. K., E. Stolterman, and J. Tenenberg. 2008. “The anatomy of prototypes: Prototypes as filters, prototypes as manifestations of design ideas.” ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 15 (2): 7.), a prototype can be described as an incomplete but flexible communication tool for a design idea, both manifesting and filtering interesting aspects of the original idea. On this basis, we propose a Peircean definition for this tool: a prototype can be considered as a complex set of signs, or better as a text, because each of its features literally “stands for” corresponding features of the final artifact, foreseeing particular aspects or the overall capacity of the outcome. But what happens when stakeholders involved in a project have no or little competence in tools and technologies discussed? Can they correctly interpret a prototype? To answer this question, we propose a Discourse Analysis (Duranti, A. 1997. Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge University Press; Potter, J. 2004. “Discourse analysis as a way of analyzing naturally occurring talk.” In Qualitative research: Theory, Method and Practice, edited by D. Silverman, 200–221. SAGE; Schegloff, J. 1989. “Harvey Sacks’ lectures on conversation: an Introduction/memoir.” Human Studies 12: 185–209.) of a co-design session with elders of a daily centre for frail adults in Rome. In this context, we could observe how interactions between the material aspect of the prototype (i.e. the product itself) and its intended meaning (i.e. its significance) can produce distortions, in the form of aberrant interpretations or even a complete lack of comprehension. During this communication breakdown, prototypes lose their connection to the features and behaviors of the product: the relation between representamen and interpretant is lost.     

Development of a Mobile Toolmark Characterization/Comparison System

Since the development of the striagraph, various attempts have been made to enhance forensic investigation through the use of measuring and imaging equipment. This study describes the development of a prototype system employing an easy‐to‐use software interface designed to provide forensic examiners with the ability to measure topography of a toolmarked surface and then conduct various comparisons using a statistical algorithm. Acquisition of the data is carried out using a portable 3D optical profilometer, and comparison of the resulting data files is made using software named “MANTIS” (Mark and Tool Inspection Suite). The system has been tested on laboratory‐produced markings that include fully striated marks (e.g., screwdriver markings), quasistriated markings produced by shear‐cut pliers, impression marks left by chisels, rifling marks on bullets, and cut marks produced by knives. Using the system, an examiner has the potential to (i) visually compare two toolmarked surfaces in a manner similar to a comparison microscope and (ii) use the quantitative information embedded within the acquired data to obtain an objective statistical comparison of the data files. This study shows that, based on the results from laboratory samples, the system has great potential for aiding examiners in conducting comparisons of toolmarks.     

范畴理论与刑法解释立场

根据认知语言学、家族相似性原理，刑法范畴不是特征范畴，而是以典型原型为核心事实所建立起来的原型范畴。所以，刑法范畴都有明确的核心和不明确的边缘，无法用共同的语义特征来描述内部所有成员。在进行刑法解释、考察差的样本是否归属于某刑法范畴时，必须将该样本和典型原型进行实质性的对比，根据其相似度确定其是否属于该范畴。在该过程中立法原意、刑法的字面意义均提供不了帮助，而只能留给法官行使自由裁量，由法官根据具体语境并结合自己的前见对文本进行客观解释、实质解释。     

试论句模研究的对象、起点和基本原则——句模研究系列之一

本文首先在构建汉语句子语义系统的基础上指出,句模研究的对象不是句子的指称意义,而是句子语义平面的关系语义;接着在综述配价分析方法的基础上说明句模研究的总体思路应当是先分化、后综合,句模研究的起点不是形式化的配价结构,而是语义实体之间客观存在的各种认知联系;最后指出句模研究必须遵循形义结合、原型构拟这两大基本原则     

“弃老”风俗在中日文学中的表现及成因——以《爸爸爸》与《楢山节考》为例

"弃老"是中日两国共有的古老风俗,尽管与"敬老"的传统相悖,但确是两国漫长的农业文明社会中客观存在的一种文化现象。日本小说《楢山节考》与中国小说《爸爸爸》中关于"弃老"的故事均能在中日民间传说中找到故事原型。"弃老"风俗中,老人或是被家庭遗弃,或是为了家庭、种群的存续和繁衍主动放弃生命,这反映了家庭养老能力在残酷的现实生活面前显得弱不禁风。通过对故事原型以及小说文本的分析,分别从物质层面与精神层面挖掘"弃老"现象的深层原因,其根源在于物资匮乏和粮食短缺,此外还受制于村落共同体形成的集体无意识等因素。中日同为东亚国家,目前又是人口老龄化颇为严重的国家,探讨"弃老"风俗不仅具有文学价值,亦有一定的社会意义。     

《西游记》中的英雄原型横向、纵向分析

《西游记》是一部家喻户晓的经典之作,赢得了不同时代、不同读者的喜爱。这并不是因为它的故事情节吸引人,而是因为它塑造了孙悟空这个英雄形象。《西游记》是人类集体无意识的共同心声,即人类对英雄原型的崇拜心理。