用胶乳凝集抑制试验鉴定人类精斑

作者用人类精浆致敏的胶乳和人初乳吸收后的抗人精液血清,采用胶乳凝集抑制试验凹玻板法盲测了180份生物性斑痕,结果表明此法确证人类精斑的敏感性,准确性均高于精子检出法,而与抗 p30血清琼脂双向扩散结果一致,且可用于混合斑的检验,具有快速、准确、简便等优点。     

用双抗夹心间接ELISA方法检测p30确证人类精斑

检测p30确证精斑有下列几种方法:免疫扩散,免疫电泳,交叉免疫电泳,胶乳凝集抑制试验,薄层免疫分析和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA).这些方法各有优缺点,就灵敏度而论,则以     

Diagnostic Value of PSA and AP Tests for the Detection of Spermatozoa in Postmortem Swabs from the Genital and Anal Region in Males

The aim of this study was to clarify whether positive results for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and acid phosphatase (AP) occur in postmortem swabs from the genito‐anal region in males (n = 80; 4 regions) and females (n = 20; 3 regions) and to calculate the positive predictive value (PPV) concerning the presence of spermatozoa. In male subjects, the highest incidence of positive test results was found in urethral swabs (PSA 76%, AP 71%) and the lowest frequencies appeared in perianal and rectal swabs (15–20%). Microscopic evaluation for spermatozoa was positive between 39% in urethral swabs and 1% in rectal swabs. PPV regarding positive identification of spermatozoa was 33.3% for PSA and 31.5% for AP. The combination of both tests yielded a PPV of 38.2%. In female cases, no spermatozoa were identified, and one case was PSA‐ and AP‐positive in perianal swabs. Our findings indicate that PSA and AP tests are of limited value for the postmortem detection of spermatozoa in male subjects.     

In Situ Identification of Semen Stains on Common Substrates via Raman Spectroscopy,,

The spectroscopic identification of body fluids in situ is a major objective in forensic science. This approach offers the confirmatory, nondestructive, rapid, and on‐scene identification of various body fluids. Although Raman spectroscopy has shown tremendous promise toward this goal in prior proof‐of‐concept experiments, a significant challenge which still remains is substrate interference. Here, an approach for detecting semen stains in situ on various substrates using Raman spectroscopy is explored. Simulated semen evidence was prepared on skin, glass, and various fabrics. Raman data were accumulated from stains without any pretreatment using a common confocal mapping spectrometer using 785 nm laser excitation. The results demonstrate that the spectroscopic interferences encountered by substrates can be reduced and eliminated using a combination of existing subtraction techniques and chemometric models. Heterogeneous substrates proved most challenging, however, automatic subtraction treatment, and location of fluid hotspots was able to elucidate a clear spectroscopic signature of semen in every instance.     

高效价鸡抗人精液血清的制备和应用

本文介绍一种制备高效价鸡抗人精血清的方法。给10只2kg 以上的公鸡同时静脉和肌肉注射5～10％混合人精液7～8次,获得特异性很强,效价达50,000倍左右的抗血清。通过实验和检案证明,对由于腐败污染、水浸或水洗而含微量精斑的检材,均能检出。     

Maxwell 16裂解纯化法提取陈旧精子DNA的应用

目的利用Maxwell 16裂解纯化法从保存8年以上陈旧精斑检材中获取精子DNA。方法 8份陈旧精斑检材采用Maxwell 16裂解纯化法提取精子DNA,并采用Powerplex○R21试剂盒进行复合扩增,产物用AB3130型遗传分析仪检测,结果与常规方法进行对比。结果成功获得8份陈旧精斑检材精子STR分型。结论差异裂解配合Maxwell 16裂解在陈旧精斑检材精子DNA检验中效果明显。     

单克隆抗体酶联免疫吸附抑制试验测定精斑G2m（n）因子

人类免疫球蛋白同种异型(human immunoglobulin allotypes)包括Gm、Km及Am等系统.在法医学实践中可用于个人识别和亲子鉴定.关于人精液中同种异型因子的检测报道极少,我们应用抗G2m(n)因子的检测国内外均未见报道,我     

microRNA Detection in Blood,Urine, Semen,and Saliva Stains After Compromising Treatments

Evaluation of microRNA (miRNA) expression as a potential method for forensic body fluid identification has been the subject of investigation over the past several years. Because of their size and encapsulation within proteins and lipids, miRNAs are inherently less susceptible to degradation than other RNAs. In this work, blood, urine, semen, and saliva were exposed to environmental and chemical conditions mimicking sample compromise at the crime scene. For many treated samples, including 100% of blood samples, miRNAs remained detectable, comparable to the untreated control. Sample degradation varied by body fluid and treatment, with blood remarkably resistant, while semen and saliva are more susceptible to environmental insult. Body fluid identification using relative miRNA expression of blood and semen of the exposed samples was 100% and 94%, respectively. Given the overall robust results herein, the case is strengthened for the use of miRNAs as a molecular method for body fluid identification.     

Developmental validation of RSID™-Semen: a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test for the forensic detection of human semen

Abstract: Tests for the identification of semen commonly involve the microscopic visualization of spermatozoa or assays for the presence of seminal markers such as acid phosphatase (AP) or prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). Here, we describe the rapid stain identification kit for the identification of semen (RSID?‐Semen), a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test that uses two antihuman semenogelin monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of semenogelin. The RSID?‐Semen strip is specific for human semen, detecting <2.5 nL of semen, and does not cross‐react with other human or nonhuman tissues tested. RSID?‐Semen is more sensitive with certain forensic evidence samples containing mixtures of vaginal secretions and semen than either of the commercially available PSA‐based forensic semen detection tests or tests that measure AP activity that were tested in parallel. The RSID?‐Semen kit also allows sampling a fraction of a questioned stain while retaining the majority of the sample for further processing through short tandem repeat analysis.     

The Stability of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Semen Under Various Temperatures

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is most commonly used for identifying semen, especially in the absence of sperm. However, PSA concentration varies according to storage temperature and duration, and little is known about its stability in semen. This study was therefore aimed to determine the stability under five different temperatures: −80, −20, 4, 25, and 37°C; and nine different durations: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 30, 90, and 180 days. All samples were stored at −80°C after being secreted from the volunteers' body until analyzed. Results showed that the PSA concentration declined significantly over time under all temperatures studied except −80°C. At −20 and 4°C, PSA was still detectable on Day 180 with 50% and 70% decrease from its original concentration, respectively. At 25 and 37°C, PSA was detected up to Day 7 and 3, respectively. This information might assist forensic scientists understand more about PSA nature and integrate it into their works.