COMMUNITY ACCOUNTABILITY,MINORITY THREAT,AND POLICE BRUTALITY: AN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS*

A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hypothesis and the threat hypothesis, we tested the predictions of two prominent structural‐level explanations of police brutality in a study of civil rights criminal complaints. The study included cities of 150,000+ population (n = 114). The findings reveal that two community accountability variables—ratio percent Hispanic citizens to percent Hispanic police officers and the presence of citizen review—were related positively to police brutality complaints, partially supporting that perspective. Two threat hypothesis measures of threatening people—percent black and percent Hispanic (in the Southwest)—were related positively to complaints, as predicted. The relative degree of support for the two hypotheses is assessed.     

城市化进程中的空间挤压与行动者策略——关于城管执法研究的文献综述

过去10年的城管执法研究,在城市化进程与社会结构变迁的大背景下,呈现了城市街头空间一幅生动的行动者策略互动场景,揭示了其背后隐藏的行为机制与深层原因,展现了“空间矛盾——行动者策略——策略效应——秩序建构”的研究脉络。综合来看,城管执法行为体现了空间维度的多层次性。从微观情景来看,街头官僚使用信息权力形成执法行为差序格局,与被执法者之间博弈演进,通过试错空间形成场域转换的默契互动,以执法吸纳政治、模糊性治理等策略平衡议题争议性;从中观情景来看,城管摊贩冲突发生在过渡型边界与灰色空间;从宏观情景来看,城管执法行为的空间矛盾本质上则是城市化进程中的空间挤压。     

略论恐怖活动组织的特征与预防

恐怖活动组织是一种性质极为特殊的犯罪组织,具有主体组织的公开性、侵害目标的象征性、行为方式的残忍性、危害后果的恐怖性、动机生成的政治性及奖金来源的合法性等特征。各国对恐怖活动组织所采取的措施更多地是建立在打击的思想基础上的,并不能从根本上减少直至消除恐怖活动组织。对恐怖活动组织的预防,应以犯罪学的预防视野进行考察。     

试论城管执法的检察监督

当前,在城管执法过程中,执法人员与小摊贩之问的矛盾冲突层出不穷,甚至有恶性暴力事件的发生。各地政府部门为改善城管执法,缓解社会矛盾,出台了许多新的措施,但并未从根本上解决问题。检察监督的介入或许是解决这一问题的可行之路。     

法律保留原则、比例原则与城管暴力执法

城管暴力执法是我国建设法治国家面临的一项重要障碍与挑战。要建设中国特色的社会主义法治国家,就必须达到阻却和禁止城管暴力执法的态势。暴力执法不仅是一个违法的问题。更是涉及到合理与否的问题。从合法性与合理性视角分析,城管暴力执法不仅违法了法律保留原则,更是违反了行政法上的比例原则。