以文化生命体的观点审视文化遗产地的可持续发展--以云南丽江古城为例

在一个具有生命力的文化遗产地,文化不是以独立的形态存在的,每种文化都有其依附的载体。自然生境、历史意境和创造该文化的人构成了三位一体的文化生命体,其中文化是其灵魂,人是其创造者,自然生境、历史意境及人是文化的载体。通过不断发挥人的主观能动性和创造性,文化生命体便得以持续发展。     

农村留守儿童健康成长的环境优化研究

农村留守儿童成长宏观环境可以归纳为以下四类:即国家和政府层面的有关留守儿童的法律政策环境;人口迁移流动背景下留守儿童减量化措施所构成的制度和发展规划性环境;新农村建设和"三农"问题解决背景下农村儿童工作特别是社区工作所构成的农村社区儿童工作环境;留守儿童问题及工作相关媒体宣传倡导所构成的传媒环境。针对上述4类环境及其优化进行分析并提出对策建议具有重要意义。     

四川省农村留守妇女基本医疗保障享有状况及影响因素研究

本研究以川东、川西、川南三个地区为调查地点,采用随机抽样的方法,主要对农村留守妇女的医疗保障现状与影响因素进行研究。Logistic回归分析结果显示家庭收入、文化水平、思想观念以及法律法规制度不完善是影响她们参加医疗保障的主要因素,而个人身体素质对留守妇女是否参与医疗保障没有显著性影响。必须采取积极举措,以提高四川农村留守妇女基本医疗保障参与率。     

浙江留守儿童教育问题调查——以温州乐清市小学为样本

随着我国经济结构的调整和城市化进程的加快,暴露出来的留守儿童家庭教育缺失问题已越来越严重。为此我们在浙江温州乐清市的留守儿童中,就他们的生活状况、心理状况、学习状况、教育状况四个方面的问题展开问卷调查,总结出他们目前存在的主要问题。通过对这些问题的深入剖析,从法律保障、政策主导、教育配套等多个方面提出一些建设性的意见和建议。     

Overview of: “Crime Place and Pollution: Expanding Crime Reduction Options Through a Regulatory Approach”

Research Summary Crime reduction policy has focused almost exclusively on offenders. Recent studies and evaluations show that expanding our policy portfolio to include places may be highly productive. We show that there is considerable research showing that crime is concentrated at a relatively few locations, that high-crime places are stable, that changing places can reduce crime, that displacement is not only far from inevitable but also less likely than the diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and that owners of high-crime places can be held accountable for the criminogenic conditions of their locations. We link these findings to environmental policy, where environmental scientists, economists, and regulators have developed a broad set of regulatory options. The core of this article describes a portfolio of environmental policy instruments directly applicable to crime places. We also discuss major decisions local governments will need to make to implement various forms of regulation, and we list challenges that governments must anticipate in planning for such implementation. We argue that a regulatory approach to crime places has the potential to lower the cost to taxpayers of reducing crime by shifting costs from governments to the relatively few place owners whose actions create crime-facilitating conditions. Policy Implications Taking a regulatory approach to crime places substantially expands the crime policy options under consideration. Regulatory options may increase local governments’ effectiveness at reducing crime while reducing governments’ costs. This is because regulatory approaches have the potential to shift some portion of the financial burden for crime fighting to owners of criminogenic locations. Policy makers can select between means-based anticrime regulations that focus on how place owners manage their locations and ends-based regulations that focus on the number of crimes allowed at places. Both of these approaches contain several alternative regulatory instruments, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Experimenting with various regulatory instruments could lead to the development of a range of new crime reduction policies. In addition, a regulatory approach has implications for the funding of policy research. Means-based regulatory instruments require governments to develop evidence that the means they regulate have the desired impact on crime. Ends-based regulatory instruments shift this burden to the regulated places.     

农村留守儿童犯罪问题的刑事政策研究——以广西宾阳县为实证分析

由于家庭教育缺位、学校德育工作缺失、社会环境不良影响等因素,农村留守儿童犯罪率呈上升态势较快,并随之演变为严重的社会问题。因此,如何预防农村留守儿童犯罪行为的发生和降低农村留守儿童犯罪率就显得尤为重要。通过对广西宾阳县农村留守儿童犯罪情况进行实证研究,以检察机关犯罪统计数据为参照样本,分析农村留守儿童的犯罪现状和特点,研究农村留守儿童犯罪的处理措施及相关刑事法律政策,可以更全面地了解农村留守儿童的犯罪相关情况,可以找到完善农村留守儿童犯罪的处理及预防机制的解决方法。     

娱乐场所管理中治安信息之思考

治安信息是与治安管理工作、社会治安状况、治安环境等一切与治安有联系的客观情况，它是社会状态、社会行为与社会心理在公共安全方面的意识存留。在娱乐场所管理中治安信息的作用十分重要，它不但是行政管理决策的基础，也是沟通行政部门的纽带，是行政协调、监督、控制的依据。为此应通过各种有效途径获取治安信息，以期对娱乐场所治安管理发挥效能，进而促进社会经济发展，有利于社会主义和谐社会之构建。     

论我国异地商会管理体制的完善

随着社会主义市场经济的发展,近年来异地商会大量出现,对沟通政府和企业,推动区域经济合作交流起到了重要作用。然而由于相关法律制度的滞后性,在异地商会的管理体制上还存在着法律规定欠缺、外部管理体制混乱、内部管理体制不规范等问题。为此,应当制定统一的商会法,正确处理政府与商会的关系、转变政府职能、合理引导异地商会的发展,改革双重管理体制、使之逐渐向一元管理体制转变,放松一地一业一会的限制,完善异地商会的章程和内部组织机构,并建立健全民主决策机制和内部监督机制。     

对取消治安行政审批后娱乐场所治安管理的思考

取消娱乐场所设立的治安审批是顺应社会主义市场经济发展的客观要求,但同时也给公安机关传统治安管理模式带来了严峻的挑战,为此,公安机关必须增强服务意识、创新意识,积极探索新形势下娱乐场所治安管理新机制。     

TRAJECTORIES OF CRIME AT PLACES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF STREET SEGMENTS IN THE CITY OF SEATTLE*

Studies of crime at micro places have generally relied on cross‐sectional data and reported the distributions of crime statistics over short periods of time. In this paper we use official crime data to examine the distribution of crime at street segments in Seattle, Washington, over a 14‐year period. We go beyond prior research in two ways. First, we view crime trends at places over a much longer period than other studies that have examined micro places. Second, we use group‐based trajectory analysis to uncover distinctive developmental trends in our data. Our findings support the view that micro places generally have stable concentrations of crime events over time. However, we also find that a relatively small proportion of places belong to groups with steeply rising or declining crime trajectories and that these places are primarily responsible for overall city trends in crime. These findings are particularly important given the more general decline in crime rates observed in Seattle and many other American cities in the 1990s. Our study suggests that the crime drop can be understood not as a general process that occurred across the city landscape but one that was generated in a relatively small group of micro places with strong declining crime trajectories over time.