产权交易市场监管体制的法律思考

我国产权交易市场经历了在发展中不断摸索经验和调整思路的曲折过程，至今已成为多层次资本市场中定位相对明确、规模较大、前景广阔的重要组成部分。相对市场本身规模的不断突破，产权市场现有监管体制已难以适应市场本身的快速发展。为解决这一影响产权交易市场发展的重大问题，应当通过整合现有监管体制，设立独立的监管机构，形成较为统一的监管架构。进一步厘清监管机构职能，使之与市场规范发展相匹配，从而促进产权市场有序运行。产权市场监管体制调整的关键则在于对国资委主导的监管模式的整合：即国资委作为国有资本出资人身份与产权市场监管者身份的分离。     

浅析我国产品召回制度的监管主体及其权责

近年来,因产品缺陷引起消费者人身、财产的严重损害所导致的纠纷不断增多。在"丰田汽车召回门"中,"同车不同命"的遭遇引起国家有关部门和社会各界的广泛关注。事件的发生,再次凸现了完善我国缺陷产品召回制度的必要性和紧迫性,中国消费者需要平等的权利。要保证产品召回的有效运行,除了完善的制度外还要权威有力的产品召回行政主管机关。本文试图以此出发,对我国产品召回制度中监管者的权责进行初步的研究,从而对完善产品召回制度提出有价值的建议。     

基于SIRT1/PGC-1α通路探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对脑缺血大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对脑缺血大鼠急性期神经损伤的保护机制。方法随机选取15只SD大鼠为假手术组,另将模型复制成功的大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型大鼠60只随机分为模型组、电针组、丰富康复训练组(康复组)和电针联合丰富康复训练组(联合组),每组15只。假手术组和模型组不进行干预,电针组和联合组于“百会”“大椎”进行电针治疗;康复组和联合组予以丰富环境与康复训练,每次30 min,每日1次,连续治疗3 d。观察大鼠缺血侧皮质区脑血流量、组织形态学、阳性细胞率的动态变化,检测缺血侧皮质中丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)含量;RT-PCR检测沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α,PGC-1α)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3,Caspase-3)及半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9,Caspase-9)mRNA的表达水平。结果分组因素对缺血侧皮质中MDA、SOD水平和SIRT1、PGC-1α、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的主效应均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑血流量,SOD水平,SIRT1、PGC-1α、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),阳性细胞率,MDA水平,Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,各治疗组SOD水平,SIRT1、PGC-1α、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平显著上升(P<0.05),MDA水平和Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);联合组与电针组、康复组比较,上述各指标表达水平均有统计学意义(P<0.05);电针联合丰富康复训练对缺血侧皮质MDA、SOD水平和SIRT1、PGC-1αmRNA表达水平的影响具有交互作用(P<0.05),对Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的影响无交互作用(P>0.05)。结论电针联合丰富康复训练可通过调控SIRT1/PGC-1α通路,提高抗氧化能力,改善神经细胞损伤,发挥神经保护作用。     

盘龙七片调控SIRT1/NF- κB通路对骨关节炎软骨细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察盘龙七片对骨关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）小鼠沉默信息转录调控因子（silent information regulator type 1,SIRT1）/核因子- κB（nuclear factor- kappa B,NF- κB）通路及软骨细胞凋亡的影响。方法 手术切除右膝关节内侧半月板和前交叉韧带复制小鼠OA模型。将小鼠分为正常对照组,模型组,阳性对照组,盘龙七片低、中、高剂量组。通过番红O- 快速绿染色观察膝关节结构变化,进行Mankin评分评估关节炎严重程度,流式细胞术检测软骨细胞凋亡指数,qRT- PCR检测Bax、Bcl- 2、Caspase- 3 mRNA表达水平,Western blot法检测软骨细胞 SIRT1、NF- κB蛋白表达水平。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠膝关节软骨细胞凋亡率增加,Bax、Caspase- 3 mRNA和NF- κB蛋白表达水平显著增加,Bcl- 2 mRNA和SIRT1蛋白表达水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,阳性对照组与盘龙七片低、中、高剂量组小鼠膝关节软骨细胞凋亡率显著降低,Bax、Caspase- 3 mRNA和NF- κB蛋白表达水平显著降低,Bcl- 2 mRNA和SIRT1蛋白表达水平显著增加,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,盘龙七片的作用呈明显的剂量依赖性。结论 盘龙七片可抑制OA小鼠膝关节软骨细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与调节SIRT1/NF- κB信号通路相关。     

芪玉三龙汤调节小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞M2/M1型极化及其对CD4+、CD8+T细胞的影响

目的 探讨芪玉三龙汤在体外条件下对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞M2/M1型极化的调控作用及其对CD4+T、CD8+T细胞的影响。方法 分离培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,并通过流式细胞术（PE-CD11b/和FITC-F4/80染色）鉴定其纯度。采用白细胞介素（interleukin,IL)-4刺激小鼠腹腔来源的巨噬细胞构建M2型巨噬细胞模型,芪玉三龙汤处理M2型巨噬细胞,分别于不同时间点应用流式细胞术检测细胞表面膜分子CD16/32、CD206、CD155、PD-L1、Galectin-9的表达水平;qRT-PCR检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）、IL-12p40、IL-1β、精氨酸酶1（arginase1,Arg1）、FIZZ1、IL-10 mRNA的表达水平。采用芪玉三龙汤处理后的M2型巨噬细胞分别与CD4+、CD8+T细胞体外共培养,流式细胞术检测TIGIT的表达水平。结果 成功分离出小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,并鉴定其纯度高达89.8%。芪玉三龙汤处理M2型巨噬细胞后,细胞表面膜分子CD16/32的表达水平升高,而CD206表达水平降低;处理24 h后细胞iNOS、IL-12p40及IL-1β mRNA表达水平上升,Arg-1、FIZZ-1、IL-10 mRNA表达水平降低;处理24 h后细胞表面CD155、PD-L1、Galectin-9表达水平降低。经芪玉三龙汤处理的M2型巨噬细胞分别与CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞共培养后,CD4+、CD8+T细胞表面TIGIT的表达受到明显抑制。结论 芪玉三龙汤能够诱导小鼠腹腔M2型巨噬细胞向M1型极化,并且极化后的细胞能够抑制T细胞负性调节分子的表达。     

Post‐crisis reforms in banking: Regulators at the interface between domestic and international governance

Post‐crisis international standards have been agreed on in certain areas of banking regulation, namely capital, liquidity, and resolution, but not others, namely bank structure – why? We articulate a two‐step analytical framework that links the domestic and international levels of governance. In particular, we focus on the role of domestic regulators at the interface between the two levels. At the domestic level, regulators evaluate externalities and adjustment costs before engaging in cooperation at the international level. This analysis explains why regulators in the United States and the European Union act as pacesetters, foot‐draggers, or fence‐sitters in international standard setting; that is to say, why they promote, resist, or are neutral toward international financial standards. At the international level, we explain the outcome of international standard setting by considering the interaction of pacesetters and foot‐draggers.     

Swapping Carrots for Sticks: Forensic science provider views of the Forensic Regulator Act 2021

In April 2021, the Forensic Science Regulator Act 2021 received Royal Assent, providing new statutory powers for the Forensic Science Regulator (FSR) of England and Wales. These powers are intended to enable the FSR to compel forensic science providers (FSPs) comply with quality standard requirements. The FSR has until now relied upon ‘soft power’ and arguments of benefits to be gained if FSPs achieve accreditation and adhere to the Code of Practice. Reaching the limits of persuasive powers, the FSR Act now introduces powers to penalise FSPs who remain unaccredited or fall below published standards. To gauge the potential impact, forensic scientists were asked to anticipate effects of the Act. Practitioners indicated that the new statutory powers could instil a sense of urgency among police force forensic science units in particular, in prioritising quality and investing in accreditation. However, there are significant capacity limitations which may hamper more widespread and sustainable change, such as financial pressures faced by FSPs, as well as resource constraints within the FSR role. Changing from a regulatory approach focussed upon voluntary cooperation, support and encouraging intrinsic motivations (i.e ‘carrots’), for one reliant upon deterrence in the forms of threats of sanctions and punishment (‘sticks’), could prevent real improvements in quality and undermine the achievement of regulatory aims. The FSR Act is unable to address problems with forensic science provision, that militate against the quality of forensic science services. Thus, benefits accrued from swapping carrots for sticks may be illusory and may ultimately prove counterproductive.     

On Chinese Media

正IT Time Weekly Issue No.17,published on September 5,2014China Advances amid Doubts about Its Anti-Monopoly Action The Chinese market regulator has launched anti-monopoly probes into giant companies in the technology,automobile,and auto components and parts sectors,signifying a step forward in the enforcement of the country’s six-year-old AntiMonopoly Law.Anti-monopoly action is part of the market economy,and is necessary to regulate the market order.However,China